Pathophysiological Role of Toll-Like Receptor 5 Engagement by Bacterial Flagellin in Colonic Inflammation

Commensal and enteroinvasive microbes in the human gut release bacterial flagellin, a specific microbial ligand of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). However, the pathophysiological role of bacterial flagellin in gastrointestinal inflammation has not been determined. Here we evaluated the role of bacteria...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2005-09, Vol.102 (38), p.13610-13615
Hauptverfasser: Rhee, Sang Hoon, Im, Eunok, Riegler, Martin, Kokkotou, Efi, Michael O' Brien, Pothoulakis, Charalabos, Dinarello, Charles A.
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container_end_page 13615
container_issue 38
container_start_page 13610
container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
container_volume 102
creator Rhee, Sang Hoon
Im, Eunok
Riegler, Martin
Kokkotou, Efi
Michael O' Brien
Pothoulakis, Charalabos
Dinarello, Charles A.
description Commensal and enteroinvasive microbes in the human gut release bacterial flagellin, a specific microbial ligand of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). However, the pathophysiological role of bacterial flagellin in gastrointestinal inflammation has not been determined. Here we evaluated the role of bacterial flagellin using native human colonic mucosa and the mouse colitis model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We demonstrate that, in intact human colonic mucosa, the flagellin/TLR5 response occurs only after exposure to the basolateral, not the apical, surface, implying a basolaterally polarized TLR5 response in human colonic mucosa. In this context, flagellin exposure to injured colonic mucosa due to DSS administration in mice resulted in a TLR5-associated response evaluated by in vivo activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine production, whereas intact colonic mucosa did not respond to flagellin. Moreover, flagellin exposure to injured mouse colon in vivo, but not to intact colon, also significantly aggravated colonic inflammation, increased mouse mortality, and enhanced histopathological damage in the colonic mucosa. However, the TLR2-specific agonist, peptidoglycan or lipoteichoic acid, did not cause an inflammatory response in intact or DSS-injured mouse colon. Furthermore, intracolonic flagellin administration in mice causes severe apoptosis in colonic epithelium disrupted by DSS administration. These data suggest that intracolonic flagellin via TLR5 engagement is able to elicit inflammatory responses in disrupted colon, whereas the normal colon is not responsive to bacterial flagellin. These results demonstrate that bacterial flagellin plays an important role in the development and progress of colitis.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.0502174102
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However, the pathophysiological role of bacterial flagellin in gastrointestinal inflammation has not been determined. Here we evaluated the role of bacterial flagellin using native human colonic mucosa and the mouse colitis model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We demonstrate that, in intact human colonic mucosa, the flagellin/TLR5 response occurs only after exposure to the basolateral, not the apical, surface, implying a basolaterally polarized TLR5 response in human colonic mucosa. In this context, flagellin exposure to injured colonic mucosa due to DSS administration in mice resulted in a TLR5-associated response evaluated by in vivo activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine production, whereas intact colonic mucosa did not respond to flagellin. 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subjects Animals
Antibodies
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Apoptosis - immunology
Bacteria
Biological Sciences
Chemokines - immunology
Colitis
Colitis - chemically induced
Colitis - immunology
Colitis - pathology
Colon
Colon - pathology
Colon - physiopathology
Commensals
Cytokines
Epithelium
Flagellin - immunology
Flagellin - pharmacology
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Interleukin-6 - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Keratinocytes - immunology
Keratinocytes - pathology
Lipopolysaccharides - immunology
Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology
Male
MAP Kinase Kinase 1 - immunology
MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - immunology
Membrane Glycoproteins - agonists
Membrane Glycoproteins - immunology
Mice
Mucosa
Pathology
Peptidoglycan - immunology
Peptidoglycan - pharmacology
Receptors, Cell Surface - agonists
Receptors, Cell Surface - immunology
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Signal Transduction - immunology
Teichoic Acids - immunology
Teichoic Acids - pharmacology
Tissue Culture Techniques
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Toll-Like Receptor 5
Toll-Like Receptors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology
title Pathophysiological Role of Toll-Like Receptor 5 Engagement by Bacterial Flagellin in Colonic Inflammation
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