Energetic Clues to Pathways to Biomineralization: Precursors, Clusters, and Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle and nanocluster precursors may play a major role in biomineralization. The small differences in enthalpy and free energy among metastable nanoscale phases offer controlled thermodynamic and mechanistic pathways. Clusters and nanoparticles offer concentration and controlled transport of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2004-08, Vol.101 (33), p.12096-12101 |
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| creator | Navrotsky, Alexandra |
| description | Nanoparticle and nanocluster precursors may play a major role in biomineralization. The small differences in enthalpy and free energy among metastable nanoscale phases offer controlled thermodynamic and mechanistic pathways. Clusters and nanoparticles offer concentration and controlled transport of reactants. Control of polymorphism, surface energy, and surface charge on nanoparticles can lead to morphological control and appropriate growth rates of biominerals. Rather than conventional nucleation and growth, assembly of nanoparticles may provide alternative mechanisms for crystal growth. The Ostwald step rule, based on a thermodynamic view of nucleation and growth, is supported by the observation that more metastable phases tend to have lower surface energies. Examples from nonbiological systems, stressing the interplay of thermodynamic and kinetic factors, illustrate features potentially important to biomineralization. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.0404778101 |
| format | Article |
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The small differences in enthalpy and free energy among metastable nanoscale phases offer controlled thermodynamic and mechanistic pathways. Clusters and nanoparticles offer concentration and controlled transport of reactants. Control of polymorphism, surface energy, and surface charge on nanoparticles can lead to morphological control and appropriate growth rates of biominerals. Rather than conventional nucleation and growth, assembly of nanoparticles may provide alternative mechanisms for crystal growth. The Ostwald step rule, based on a thermodynamic view of nucleation and growth, is supported by the observation that more metastable phases tend to have lower surface energies. 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| subjects | Animals Biomineralogy Chemistry Crystallization Crystals Energy Metabolism Enthalpy Free energy Gels Kinetics Metastable atoms Minerals Minerals - metabolism Models, Biological Molecules Nanoparticles Nanotubes Physical Sciences Roles Surface energy Thermodynamics Water - metabolism Zeolites |
| title | Energetic Clues to Pathways to Biomineralization: Precursors, Clusters, and Nanoparticles |
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