EMG-assessed paratonia: A novel approach to investigating motor response inhibition in healthy subjects

Paratonia is an involuntary muscle activity that occurs during passive joint mobilization and is common in people with dementia. It includes oppositional paratonia, in which muscle activity resists passive movement, and facilitatory paratonia, in which it assists movement. This phenomenon reflects a...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0315274
Hauptverfasser: Puce, Luca, Marinelli, Lucio, Currà, Antonio, Mori, Laura, Schenone, Cristina, Cotellessa, Filippo, Tatarelli, Antonella, Pucci, Daniele, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Trompetto, Carlo
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container_issue 12
container_start_page e0315274
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creator Puce, Luca
Marinelli, Lucio
Currà, Antonio
Mori, Laura
Schenone, Cristina
Cotellessa, Filippo
Tatarelli, Antonella
Pucci, Daniele
Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Trompetto, Carlo
description Paratonia is an involuntary muscle activity that occurs during passive joint mobilization and is common in people with dementia. It includes oppositional paratonia, in which muscle activity resists passive movement, and facilitatory paratonia, in which it assists movement. This phenomenon reflects a defect in motor response inhibition. In a recently published paper, we demonstrated that paratonia can be detected using surface electromyography (EMG) not only in patients with dementia but also in healthy individuals, the majority of whom do not exhibit clinically observable paratonia. This finding suggests that EMG-assessed paratonia may provide a novel approach to studying motor response inhibition in healthy subjects. The present study investigates this possibility for the first time. We recruited 120 healthy subjects under the age of 30, divided equally into three groups: sedentary, amateur, and professional athletes with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity, respectively. Paratonia was assessed in the triceps and biceps brachii muscles during passive forearm movements performed manually. The results indicate that paratonia is more pronounced during fast and continuous passive movements, with facilitatory paratonia being more prevalent than oppositional paratonia. It is also more pronounced in the biceps than in the triceps. These findings, which mirror those previously observed in patients with dementia, suggest a similarity between paratonia in healthy subjects and those with cognitive impairment, supporting the hypothesis that paratonia in healthy individuals represents a form of impaired motor response inhibition. Furthermore, the comparison between groups showed that paratonia decreased with increasing physical activity, being least evident in athletes, more noticeable in amateurs, and most pronounced in sedentary individuals. This pattern confirms a key feature of motor response inhibition that has been shown in studies using traditional methods. Overall, our findings suggest that EMG-assessed paratonia provides a new method for studying motor response inhibition in healthy individuals.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0315274
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The results indicate that paratonia is more pronounced during fast and continuous passive movements, with facilitatory paratonia being more prevalent than oppositional paratonia. It is also more pronounced in the biceps than in the triceps. These findings, which mirror those previously observed in patients with dementia, suggest a similarity between paratonia in healthy subjects and those with cognitive impairment, supporting the hypothesis that paratonia in healthy individuals represents a form of impaired motor response inhibition. Furthermore, the comparison between groups showed that paratonia decreased with increasing physical activity, being least evident in athletes, more noticeable in amateurs, and most pronounced in sedentary individuals. This pattern confirms a key feature of motor response inhibition that has been shown in studies using traditional methods. 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It includes oppositional paratonia, in which muscle activity resists passive movement, and facilitatory paratonia, in which it assists movement. This phenomenon reflects a defect in motor response inhibition. In a recently published paper, we demonstrated that paratonia can be detected using surface electromyography (EMG) not only in patients with dementia but also in healthy individuals, the majority of whom do not exhibit clinically observable paratonia. This finding suggests that EMG-assessed paratonia may provide a novel approach to studying motor response inhibition in healthy subjects. The present study investigates this possibility for the first time. We recruited 120 healthy subjects under the age of 30, divided equally into three groups: sedentary, amateur, and professional athletes with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity, respectively. Paratonia was assessed in the triceps and biceps brachii muscles during passive forearm movements performed manually. The results indicate that paratonia is more pronounced during fast and continuous passive movements, with facilitatory paratonia being more prevalent than oppositional paratonia. It is also more pronounced in the biceps than in the triceps. These findings, which mirror those previously observed in patients with dementia, suggest a similarity between paratonia in healthy subjects and those with cognitive impairment, supporting the hypothesis that paratonia in healthy individuals represents a form of impaired motor response inhibition. Furthermore, the comparison between groups showed that paratonia decreased with increasing physical activity, being least evident in athletes, more noticeable in amateurs, and most pronounced in sedentary individuals. This pattern confirms a key feature of motor response inhibition that has been shown in studies using traditional methods. 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subjects Adult
Age
Analysis
Athletes
Biology and Life Sciences
Cognitive ability
Complications and side effects
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Demographic aspects
Diagnosis
Elbow
Electromyography
Electromyography - methods
Exercise
Female
Health aspects
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Inhibition
Inhibition (psychology)
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolism
Movement - physiology
Muscle diseases
Muscle relaxation
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscles
Physical activity
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk factors
Smooth muscle
Social Sciences
Young Adult
title EMG-assessed paratonia: A novel approach to investigating motor response inhibition in healthy subjects
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