Precipitation in July maximizes total above-ground productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China
Precipitation distribution during the growing season and interannual precipitation variation may have significant impacts on grassland ecosystem productivity at the site level. To explore the effect of the distribution of precipitation on plant communities in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe domina...
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description | Precipitation distribution during the growing season and interannual precipitation variation may have significant impacts on grassland ecosystem productivity at the site level. To explore the effect of the distribution of precipitation on plant communities in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe dominated by Stipa breviflora, we analyzed monthly precipitation patterns during the growing season (May-October) over the past 60 years (1961-2020) and identified four major precipitation distribution patterns. These included the concentrated precipitation during July (TΛ7), August (TΛ8), and during the early and late growth stages. However, with precipitation being scarce during the boom (TM), the distribution resembled a normal distribution (T∩). Field experiments simulating the four distributions were conducted from May to October 2021. The results showed that the effects of the distribution of precipitation on plant species, diversity, and abundance were not significant; only the Pielou evenness showed a significant effect after July. The total above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of TΛ7 was 55.4% higher than those of the other three patterns, whereas the differences among the other three precipitation distributions were not significant. The annual forb Neopallasia pectinate was the primary contributor to the increased ANPP of TΛ7. These results suggest that the S. breviflora desert steppe achieved maximum productivity when the precipitation reached 41.6% of the annual average during July and satisfied the basic plant growth requirements during other months. This study emphasizes the implementation of management measures (irrigation or artificial precipitation) for maximizing forage yield and forecasting the plant composition in desert steppes. |
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To explore the effect of the distribution of precipitation on plant communities in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe dominated by Stipa breviflora, we analyzed monthly precipitation patterns during the growing season (May-October) over the past 60 years (1961-2020) and identified four major precipitation distribution patterns. These included the concentrated precipitation during July (TΛ7), August (TΛ8), and during the early and late growth stages. However, with precipitation being scarce during the boom (TM), the distribution resembled a normal distribution (T∩). Field experiments simulating the four distributions were conducted from May to October 2021. The results showed that the effects of the distribution of precipitation on plant species, diversity, and abundance were not significant; only the Pielou evenness showed a significant effect after July. The total above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of TΛ7 was 55.4% higher than those of the other three patterns, whereas the differences among the other three precipitation distributions were not significant. The annual forb Neopallasia pectinate was the primary contributor to the increased ANPP of TΛ7. These results suggest that the S. breviflora desert steppe achieved maximum productivity when the precipitation reached 41.6% of the annual average during July and satisfied the basic plant growth requirements during other months. This study emphasizes the implementation of management measures (irrigation or artificial precipitation) for maximizing forage yield and forecasting the plant composition in desert steppes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314983</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39680535</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Annual precipitation ; Artificial precipitation ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomass ; China ; Climate change ; Climatic changes ; Desert Climate ; Desert ecology ; Desert plants ; Deserts ; Distribution patterns ; Drought ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystems ; Environmental aspects ; Field tests ; Geographical distribution ; Grassland ; Grasslands ; Growing season ; Influence ; Monthly precipitation ; Net Primary Productivity ; Normal distribution ; Nutrient requirements ; Plant communities ; Plant growth ; Plant species ; Poaceae - growth & development ; Precipitation ; Precipitation (Meteorology) ; Precipitation distribution ; Precipitation patterns ; Precipitation variability ; Precipitation variations ; Productivity ; Rain ; Rainmaking ; Seasons ; Species diversity ; Steppes ; Vegetation ; Weather forecasting</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0314983</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Han et al 2024 Han et al</rights><rights>2024 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-3889-919X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649078/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649078/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39680535$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Han, Chunxue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ruichao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Haigang</creatorcontrib><title>Precipitation in July maximizes total above-ground productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Precipitation distribution during the growing season and interannual precipitation variation may have significant impacts on grassland ecosystem productivity at the site level. To explore the effect of the distribution of precipitation on plant communities in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe dominated by Stipa breviflora, we analyzed monthly precipitation patterns during the growing season (May-October) over the past 60 years (1961-2020) and identified four major precipitation distribution patterns. These included the concentrated precipitation during July (TΛ7), August (TΛ8), and during the early and late growth stages. However, with precipitation being scarce during the boom (TM), the distribution resembled a normal distribution (T∩). Field experiments simulating the four distributions were conducted from May to October 2021. The results showed that the effects of the distribution of precipitation on plant species, diversity, and abundance were not significant; only the Pielou evenness showed a significant effect after July. The total above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of TΛ7 was 55.4% higher than those of the other three patterns, whereas the differences among the other three precipitation distributions were not significant. The annual forb Neopallasia pectinate was the primary contributor to the increased ANPP of TΛ7. These results suggest that the S. breviflora desert steppe achieved maximum productivity when the precipitation reached 41.6% of the annual average during July and satisfied the basic plant growth requirements during other months. This study emphasizes the implementation of management measures (irrigation or artificial precipitation) for maximizing forage yield and forecasting the plant composition in desert steppes.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Annual precipitation</subject><subject>Artificial precipitation</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climatic changes</subject><subject>Desert Climate</subject><subject>Desert ecology</subject><subject>Desert plants</subject><subject>Deserts</subject><subject>Distribution patterns</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Field tests</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Grassland</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Monthly precipitation</subject><subject>Net Primary Productivity</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Nutrient requirements</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Poaceae - growth & development</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Precipitation (Meteorology)</subject><subject>Precipitation distribution</subject><subject>Precipitation patterns</subject><subject>Precipitation variability</subject><subject>Precipitation variations</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainmaking</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Steppes</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Weather forecasting</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QDgig4Y9q0aXoly-DHyMqKX7chTU46GdKkNumw4683szvKjOyF5CLJyXPek_Nysuxxjuc5qfPXaz-NTtj54B3MMcnLhpE72WnekGJGC0zuHpxPsgchrDGuCKP0fnZCGsrSpTrN-s8jSDOYKKLxDhmHPk52i3pxZXrzCwKKPgqLROs3MOtGPzmFhtGrSUazMXGLvEZxBUhBgDGiEGEYYCezdA5G9Mm7zlsjXqHFyjjxMLunhQ3waL-fZd_fvf22-DC7uHy_XJxfzFRZFmRWakVwoTUjWmgQVctKKgvBpKSioKpsMOQtoQQqTXJFGGkqBnVdUmiJbBUlZ9nTG93B-sD3TgWeTKpokWNGErG8IZQXaz6Mphfjlnth-HXAjx0XYzTSAq9qAkJQpnNCSyB1o1tcJB3VMiVTwaT1Zl9tantQElwchT0SPX5xZsU7v-F5TlMvNUsKL_YKo_85QYi8N0GCtcKBn64_ThvcsLpJ6LN_0Nvb21OdSB0Yp30qLHei_JwVGNdlWe-o-S1UWgp6I9NcaZPiRwkvjxISE-EqdmIKgS-_fvl_9vLHMfv8gF2BsHEVvJ12MxmOwSeHVv_1-M9Ak9_FMPak</recordid><startdate>20241216</startdate><enddate>20241216</enddate><creator>Han, Chunxue</creator><creator>Li, Ruichao</creator><creator>Li, Haigang</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-919X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241216</creationdate><title>Precipitation in July maximizes total above-ground productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China</title><author>Han, Chunxue ; Li, Ruichao ; Li, Haigang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-d4423-4fd302ff83fafea5b846c2a8cc6a26d490e1b363e5f31d383958e7746eb3cbd63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Annual precipitation</topic><topic>Artificial precipitation</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climatic changes</topic><topic>Desert Climate</topic><topic>Desert ecology</topic><topic>Desert plants</topic><topic>Deserts</topic><topic>Distribution patterns</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Field tests</topic><topic>Geographical distribution</topic><topic>Grassland</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>Growing season</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Monthly precipitation</topic><topic>Net Primary Productivity</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Nutrient requirements</topic><topic>Plant communities</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Poaceae - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Han, Chunxue</au><au>Li, Ruichao</au><au>Li, Haigang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Precipitation in July maximizes total above-ground productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-12-16</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0314983</spage><pages>e0314983-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Precipitation distribution during the growing season and interannual precipitation variation may have significant impacts on grassland ecosystem productivity at the site level. To explore the effect of the distribution of precipitation on plant communities in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe dominated by Stipa breviflora, we analyzed monthly precipitation patterns during the growing season (May-October) over the past 60 years (1961-2020) and identified four major precipitation distribution patterns. These included the concentrated precipitation during July (TΛ7), August (TΛ8), and during the early and late growth stages. However, with precipitation being scarce during the boom (TM), the distribution resembled a normal distribution (T∩). Field experiments simulating the four distributions were conducted from May to October 2021. The results showed that the effects of the distribution of precipitation on plant species, diversity, and abundance were not significant; only the Pielou evenness showed a significant effect after July. The total above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of TΛ7 was 55.4% higher than those of the other three patterns, whereas the differences among the other three precipitation distributions were not significant. The annual forb Neopallasia pectinate was the primary contributor to the increased ANPP of TΛ7. These results suggest that the S. breviflora desert steppe achieved maximum productivity when the precipitation reached 41.6% of the annual average during July and satisfied the basic plant growth requirements during other months. This study emphasizes the implementation of management measures (irrigation or artificial precipitation) for maximizing forage yield and forecasting the plant composition in desert steppes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39680535</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0314983</doi><tpages>e0314983</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-919X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analysis Annual precipitation Artificial precipitation Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences Biomass China Climate change Climatic changes Desert Climate Desert ecology Desert plants Deserts Distribution patterns Drought Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystems Environmental aspects Field tests Geographical distribution Grassland Grasslands Growing season Influence Monthly precipitation Net Primary Productivity Normal distribution Nutrient requirements Plant communities Plant growth Plant species Poaceae - growth & development Precipitation Precipitation (Meteorology) Precipitation distribution Precipitation patterns Precipitation variability Precipitation variations Productivity Rain Rainmaking Seasons Species diversity Steppes Vegetation Weather forecasting |
title | Precipitation in July maximizes total above-ground productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China |
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