Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown
Despite growing evidence of reduced invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease attributed to public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of these measures on pneumococcal carriage remains unclear. This study aimed to assess pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0315081 |
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| creator | Brotons, Pedro Cisneros, María Pérez-Argüello, Amaresh Henares, Desiree Lluansí, Aleix Fernández de Sevilla, Mariona Ciruela, Pilar Blanco-Fuertes, Miguel Launes, Cristian Jordan, Iolanda Bassat, Quique García-García, Juan José Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen |
| description | Despite growing evidence of reduced invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease attributed to public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of these measures on pneumococcal carriage remains unclear. This study aimed to assess pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children and adults self-confined at home during the COVID-19 national lockdown in Spain while identifying predictors of pneumococcal carriage in children.
Household study conducted across the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) between April-June 2020. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from young children and adults for real-time PCR pneumococcal lytA and wgz gene detection, quantification, and serotyping, as well as for detection of respiratory viruses.
Among 332 children (median age: 3.1 years [IQR: 1.9-4.0 years]; 59% male) and 278 adults (median age: 38.9 years [IQR: 36.1-41.3 years]; 64% female), pneumococcal carriage rates were 28.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Highly invasive serotypes 3, 7F/7A, and 19A were detected in 14.0% of samples from children carriers. Pneumococcal co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus (IV) were not identified in children. Attendance to kindergarten before the lockdown (aOR: 2.65; IQR: 1.57-4.47; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0315081 |
| format | Article |
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Household study conducted across the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) between April-June 2020. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from young children and adults for real-time PCR pneumococcal lytA and wgz gene detection, quantification, and serotyping, as well as for detection of respiratory viruses.
Among 332 children (median age: 3.1 years [IQR: 1.9-4.0 years]; 59% male) and 278 adults (median age: 38.9 years [IQR: 36.1-41.3 years]; 64% female), pneumococcal carriage rates were 28.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Highly invasive serotypes 3, 7F/7A, and 19A were detected in 14.0% of samples from children carriers. Pneumococcal co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus (IV) were not identified in children. Attendance to kindergarten before the lockdown (aOR: 2.65; IQR: 1.57-4.47; p<0.001) and household crowding (aOR: 1.85; IQR: 1.09-3.15; p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for children's pneumococcal carriage.
Pneumococcal carriage rate among quarantined children during a full COVID-19 lockdown was moderate and correlated with limited presence of highly invasive serotypes and absence of pneumococcal co-infections with RSV, hMPV, and IV. Pre-lockdown daycare and household crowding predisposed children to carriage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315081</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39636920</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Antibiotics ; Biology and life sciences ; Body mass index ; Carrier State - epidemiology ; Carrier State - microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - microbiology ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Crowding ; Daycare ; Diagnosis ; Disease ; Diseases ; Families & family life ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Households ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Influenza ; Influenza viruses ; Kindergarten ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metropolitan areas ; Nasopharynx - microbiology ; Nasopharynx - virology ; Pandemics ; People and places ; Pneumococcal infections ; Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections - microbiology ; Public health ; Quarantine ; Real time ; Respiratory syncytial virus ; Risk factors ; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification ; Serology ; Serotypes ; Serotyping ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Spain - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0315081</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Brotons et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Brotons et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Brotons et al 2024 Brotons et al</rights><rights>2024 Brotons et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-2041-4425 ; 0000-0003-0875-7596 ; 0000-0002-2399-7320 ; 0000-0002-3483-528X ; 0000-0001-5586-404X ; 0009-0001-9715-887X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620455/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620455/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39636920$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Brotons, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cisneros, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Argüello, Amaresh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henares, Desiree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lluansí, Aleix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernández de Sevilla, Mariona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciruela, Pilar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanco-Fuertes, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Launes, Cristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, Iolanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bassat, Quique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García-García, Juan José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen</creatorcontrib><title>Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Despite growing evidence of reduced invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease attributed to public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of these measures on pneumococcal carriage remains unclear. This study aimed to assess pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children and adults self-confined at home during the COVID-19 national lockdown in Spain while identifying predictors of pneumococcal carriage in children.
Household study conducted across the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) between April-June 2020. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from young children and adults for real-time PCR pneumococcal lytA and wgz gene detection, quantification, and serotyping, as well as for detection of respiratory viruses.
Among 332 children (median age: 3.1 years [IQR: 1.9-4.0 years]; 59% male) and 278 adults (median age: 38.9 years [IQR: 36.1-41.3 years]; 64% female), pneumococcal carriage rates were 28.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Highly invasive serotypes 3, 7F/7A, and 19A were detected in 14.0% of samples from children carriers. Pneumococcal co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus (IV) were not identified in children. Attendance to kindergarten before the lockdown (aOR: 2.65; IQR: 1.57-4.47; p<0.001) and household crowding (aOR: 1.85; IQR: 1.09-3.15; p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for children's pneumococcal carriage.
Pneumococcal carriage rate among quarantined children during a full COVID-19 lockdown was moderate and correlated with limited presence of highly invasive serotypes and absence of pneumococcal co-infections with RSV, hMPV, and IV. Pre-lockdown daycare and household crowding predisposed children to carriage.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Carrier State - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carrier State - microbiology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - microbiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Crowding</subject><subject>Daycare</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Diseases</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health 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nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown</title><author>Brotons, Pedro ; Cisneros, María ; Pérez-Argüello, Amaresh ; Henares, Desiree ; Lluansí, Aleix ; Fernández de Sevilla, Mariona ; Ciruela, Pilar ; Blanco-Fuertes, Miguel ; Launes, Cristian ; Jordan, Iolanda ; Bassat, Quique ; García-García, Juan José ; Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-d3965-f157f12109ffb53949f16f4dcda507662a74cd37751d50beec4722b36cd4f0843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Carrier State - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carrier State - microbiology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, 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Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brotons, Pedro</au><au>Cisneros, María</au><au>Pérez-Argüello, Amaresh</au><au>Henares, Desiree</au><au>Lluansí, Aleix</au><au>Fernández de Sevilla, Mariona</au><au>Ciruela, Pilar</au><au>Blanco-Fuertes, Miguel</au><au>Launes, Cristian</au><au>Jordan, Iolanda</au><au>Bassat, Quique</au><au>García-García, Juan José</au><au>Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-12-05</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0315081</spage><pages>e0315081-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Despite growing evidence of reduced invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease attributed to public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of these measures on pneumococcal carriage remains unclear. This study aimed to assess pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children and adults self-confined at home during the COVID-19 national lockdown in Spain while identifying predictors of pneumococcal carriage in children.
Household study conducted across the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) between April-June 2020. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from young children and adults for real-time PCR pneumococcal lytA and wgz gene detection, quantification, and serotyping, as well as for detection of respiratory viruses.
Among 332 children (median age: 3.1 years [IQR: 1.9-4.0 years]; 59% male) and 278 adults (median age: 38.9 years [IQR: 36.1-41.3 years]; 64% female), pneumococcal carriage rates were 28.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Highly invasive serotypes 3, 7F/7A, and 19A were detected in 14.0% of samples from children carriers. Pneumococcal co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus (IV) were not identified in children. Attendance to kindergarten before the lockdown (aOR: 2.65; IQR: 1.57-4.47; p<0.001) and household crowding (aOR: 1.85; IQR: 1.09-3.15; p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for children's pneumococcal carriage.
Pneumococcal carriage rate among quarantined children during a full COVID-19 lockdown was moderate and correlated with limited presence of highly invasive serotypes and absence of pneumococcal co-infections with RSV, hMPV, and IV. Pre-lockdown daycare and household crowding predisposed children to carriage.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39636920</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0315081</doi><tpages>e0315081</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-4425</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-7596</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-7320</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-528X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-404X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9715-887X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0315081 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3141380358 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Adults Age Antibiotics Biology and life sciences Body mass index Carrier State - epidemiology Carrier State - microbiology Child Child, Preschool Children Children & youth COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - microbiology COVID-19 vaccines Crowding Daycare Diagnosis Disease Diseases Families & family life Female Health aspects Health risks Households Humans Immunization Infant Influenza Influenza viruses Kindergarten Male Medicine and Health Sciences Metropolitan areas Nasopharynx - microbiology Nasopharynx - virology Pandemics People and places Pneumococcal infections Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology Pneumococcal Infections - microbiology Public health Quarantine Real time Respiratory syncytial virus Risk factors SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification Serology Serotypes Serotyping Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spain - epidemiology Statistical analysis Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae - genetics Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification Viruses |
| title | Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown |
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