The compact beam energy measurement method of the photocathode RF gun by the solenoid and beam shaping
Beam energy, normalized emittance, and quantum efficiency are crucial parameters of the RF gun. In this study, we proposed a compact and low-cost method to measure the beam energy at the exit of the 120 MeV electron linac's RF gun. We utilized a solenoid magnetic field to rotate an elliptical b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0314549 |
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| creator | Sun, Bin Li, Binkang Tan, Xinjian Weng, Xiufeng Wang, Yu Wang, Faquan Zhang, Jianxin Yin, Hongqiao Zhang, Xiaodong |
| description | Beam energy, normalized emittance, and quantum efficiency are crucial parameters of the RF gun. In this study, we proposed a compact and low-cost method to measure the beam energy at the exit of the 120 MeV electron linac's RF gun. We utilized a solenoid magnetic field to rotate an elliptical beam and measured the rotation angle of the beam to calculate the energy. To generate an elliptical electron beam, we inserted a slit device after the laser beam shaping aperture (BSA) to produce a long strip of driving laser beam for the RF gun photocathode. During the measurement process, we employed the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detection algorithm to measure the beam spot angle, improving the accuracy and stability of the angle measurement. This method does not require any changes to the accelerator lattice, nor does it require additional space. It only requires inserting a slit device to measure the beam's energy. Our results indicated that the energy at the exit of the RF gun was 4-5 MeV, consistent with simulation calculations using ASTRA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0314549 |
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In this study, we proposed a compact and low-cost method to measure the beam energy at the exit of the 120 MeV electron linac's RF gun. We utilized a solenoid magnetic field to rotate an elliptical beam and measured the rotation angle of the beam to calculate the energy. To generate an elliptical electron beam, we inserted a slit device after the laser beam shaping aperture (BSA) to produce a long strip of driving laser beam for the RF gun photocathode. During the measurement process, we employed the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detection algorithm to measure the beam spot angle, improving the accuracy and stability of the angle measurement. This method does not require any changes to the accelerator lattice, nor does it require additional space. It only requires inserting a slit device to measure the beam's energy. Our results indicated that the energy at the exit of the RF gun was 4-5 MeV, consistent with simulation calculations using ASTRA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314549</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39625944</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Algorithms ; Analysis ; Electron beams ; Electrons ; Emittance ; Energy ; Energy measurement ; Engineering and Technology ; Equipment Design ; Laser beams ; Lasers ; Light ; Magnetic Fields ; Measurement ; Measurement methods ; Methods ; Normal distribution ; Particle Accelerators - instrumentation ; Photocathodes ; Physical Sciences ; Quantum efficiency ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Simulation ; Solenoids</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-12, Vol.19 (12), p.e0314549</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Sun et al 2024 Sun et al</rights><rights>2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-816835a7b64624c5b9d547eb6c31e379e5f3cfa6af5a552426925d38f9ddecfd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5311-789X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614267/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614267/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39625944$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Nawaz, Rab</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sun, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Binkang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Xinjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weng, Xiufeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Faquan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jianxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Hongqiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiaodong</creatorcontrib><title>The compact beam energy measurement method of the photocathode RF gun by the solenoid and beam shaping</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Beam energy, normalized emittance, and quantum efficiency are crucial parameters of the RF gun. In this study, we proposed a compact and low-cost method to measure the beam energy at the exit of the 120 MeV electron linac's RF gun. We utilized a solenoid magnetic field to rotate an elliptical beam and measured the rotation angle of the beam to calculate the energy. To generate an elliptical electron beam, we inserted a slit device after the laser beam shaping aperture (BSA) to produce a long strip of driving laser beam for the RF gun photocathode. During the measurement process, we employed the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detection algorithm to measure the beam spot angle, improving the accuracy and stability of the angle measurement. This method does not require any changes to the accelerator lattice, nor does it require additional space. It only requires inserting a slit device to measure the beam's energy. Our results indicated that the energy at the exit of the RF gun was 4-5 MeV, consistent with simulation calculations using ASTRA.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Electron beams</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Emittance</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy measurement</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Laser beams</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Magnetic Fields</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Measurement methods</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Particle Accelerators - instrumentation</subject><subject>Photocathodes</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Quantum efficiency</subject><subject>Research and Analysis 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compact beam energy measurement method of the photocathode RF gun by the solenoid and beam shaping</title><author>Sun, Bin ; Li, Binkang ; Tan, Xinjian ; Weng, Xiufeng ; Wang, Yu ; Wang, Faquan ; Zhang, Jianxin ; Yin, Hongqiao ; Zhang, Xiaodong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-816835a7b64624c5b9d547eb6c31e379e5f3cfa6af5a552426925d38f9ddecfd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Electron beams</topic><topic>Electrons</topic><topic>Emittance</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy measurement</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Equipment Design</topic><topic>Laser beams</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Magnetic Fields</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Measurement methods</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Normal 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One</addtitle><date>2024-12-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0314549</spage><pages>e0314549-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Beam energy, normalized emittance, and quantum efficiency are crucial parameters of the RF gun. In this study, we proposed a compact and low-cost method to measure the beam energy at the exit of the 120 MeV electron linac's RF gun. We utilized a solenoid magnetic field to rotate an elliptical beam and measured the rotation angle of the beam to calculate the energy. To generate an elliptical electron beam, we inserted a slit device after the laser beam shaping aperture (BSA) to produce a long strip of driving laser beam for the RF gun photocathode. During the measurement process, we employed the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detection algorithm to measure the beam spot angle, improving the accuracy and stability of the angle measurement. This method does not require any changes to the accelerator lattice, nor does it require additional space. It only requires inserting a slit device to measure the beam's energy. Our results indicated that the energy at the exit of the RF gun was 4-5 MeV, consistent with simulation calculations using ASTRA.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39625944</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0314549</doi><tpages>e0314549</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-789X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Accuracy Algorithms Analysis Electron beams Electrons Emittance Energy Energy measurement Engineering and Technology Equipment Design Laser beams Lasers Light Magnetic Fields Measurement Measurement methods Methods Normal distribution Particle Accelerators - instrumentation Photocathodes Physical Sciences Quantum efficiency Research and Analysis Methods Simulation Solenoids |
| title | The compact beam energy measurement method of the photocathode RF gun by the solenoid and beam shaping |
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