Diversity and composition of the bacterial communities associated with the Australian spittlebugs Bathyllus albicinctus and Philagra parva (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)
Spittlebugs and froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) are insects feeding on xylem, which potentially can cause significant economic damage worldwide by transmitting plant pathogenic bacteria such as Xylella fastidiosa. Australia and New Zealand are currently free from X. fastidiosa, but they are hom...
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| creator | Martoni, Francesco Rako, Lea Jaroslow, Duncan Selleck, Caitlin Kant, Pragya Nancarrow, Narelle Blacket, Mark J |
| description | Spittlebugs and froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) are insects feeding on xylem, which potentially can cause significant economic damage worldwide by transmitting plant pathogenic bacteria such as Xylella fastidiosa. Australia and New Zealand are currently free from X. fastidiosa, but they are home to at least 45 native spittlebug species. Among these, the Australian natives Bathyllus albicinctus (Erichson, 1842) and Philagra parva (Donovan, 1805) are particularly widespread and can be found across southern and eastern Australia, with B. albicinctus also in New Zealand. The potential that both species might be capable of vectoring Xylella fastidiosa poses a substantial biosecurity risk if the bacterium were to invade these regions. In this study, we examined 87 spittlebug nymphs collected across 12 different host plant species, in five locations in Victoria, Australia. Our objective was to explore the factors influencing bacterial communities within and between these widespread spittlebug species, considering geographic location, insect phylogenetics, and host plant associations. We employed COI barcoding to assess insect genetic variation and 16S high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding to analyse bacterial microbiome diversity across various host plants. Our findings revealed minimal genetic divergence among spittlebug individuals in the same species, highlighting conspecificity despite conspicuous morphological divergences. On the other hand, we recorded significant variation in bacterial communities harboured by Bathyllus albicinctus nymphs feeding on different plants, even when these were collected within close proximity to each other. Therefore, host plant association appeared to shape the bacterial communities of spittlebugs more than insect genetic divergence or geographical location. These diverse bacterial communities could potentially facilitate transmission of plant pathogenic bacteria, underscoring the risk of widespread transmission among numerous plant hosts through insect-plant interactions. This study emphasizes the critical need to understand these complex interactions, particularly in the context of biosecurity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0311938 |
| format | Article |
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Australia and New Zealand are currently free from X. fastidiosa, but they are home to at least 45 native spittlebug species. Among these, the Australian natives Bathyllus albicinctus (Erichson, 1842) and Philagra parva (Donovan, 1805) are particularly widespread and can be found across southern and eastern Australia, with B. albicinctus also in New Zealand. The potential that both species might be capable of vectoring Xylella fastidiosa poses a substantial biosecurity risk if the bacterium were to invade these regions. In this study, we examined 87 spittlebug nymphs collected across 12 different host plant species, in five locations in Victoria, Australia. Our objective was to explore the factors influencing bacterial communities within and between these widespread spittlebug species, considering geographic location, insect phylogenetics, and host plant associations. We employed COI barcoding to assess insect genetic variation and 16S high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding to analyse bacterial microbiome diversity across various host plants. Our findings revealed minimal genetic divergence among spittlebug individuals in the same species, highlighting conspecificity despite conspicuous morphological divergences. On the other hand, we recorded significant variation in bacterial communities harboured by Bathyllus albicinctus nymphs feeding on different plants, even when these were collected within close proximity to each other. Therefore, host plant association appeared to shape the bacterial communities of spittlebugs more than insect genetic divergence or geographical location. These diverse bacterial communities could potentially facilitate transmission of plant pathogenic bacteria, underscoring the risk of widespread transmission among numerous plant hosts through insect-plant interactions. This study emphasizes the critical need to understand these complex interactions, particularly in the context of biosecurity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311938</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39388461</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Australia ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - isolation & purification ; Biological diversity ; Biosecurity ; Cercopidae ; Composition ; Disease transmission ; Divergence ; Ethanol ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic analysis ; Genetic diversity ; Geographical distribution ; Geographical locations ; Hemiptera ; Hemiptera - microbiology ; Host plants ; Identification and classification ; Indigenous species ; Insect Vectors - microbiology ; Insects ; Microbial colonies ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Next-generation sequencing ; Nymph - microbiology ; Pathogens ; Phylogeny ; Plant bacterial diseases ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Plant Diseases - parasitology ; Plant layout ; Plant species ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Xylella - genetics ; Xylella fastidiosa ; Xylem</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e0311938</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Martoni et al. 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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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This study emphasizes the critical need to understand these complex interactions, particularly in the context of biosecurity.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>Biosecurity</subject><subject>Cercopidae</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Geographical locations</subject><subject>Hemiptera</subject><subject>Hemiptera - microbiology</subject><subject>Host plants</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Indigenous species</subject><subject>Insect Vectors - microbiology</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Microbial colonies</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Next-generation sequencing</subject><subject>Nymph - 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Australia and New Zealand are currently free from X. fastidiosa, but they are home to at least 45 native spittlebug species. Among these, the Australian natives Bathyllus albicinctus (Erichson, 1842) and Philagra parva (Donovan, 1805) are particularly widespread and can be found across southern and eastern Australia, with B. albicinctus also in New Zealand. The potential that both species might be capable of vectoring Xylella fastidiosa poses a substantial biosecurity risk if the bacterium were to invade these regions. In this study, we examined 87 spittlebug nymphs collected across 12 different host plant species, in five locations in Victoria, Australia. Our objective was to explore the factors influencing bacterial communities within and between these widespread spittlebug species, considering geographic location, insect phylogenetics, and host plant associations. We employed COI barcoding to assess insect genetic variation and 16S high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding to analyse bacterial microbiome diversity across various host plants. Our findings revealed minimal genetic divergence among spittlebug individuals in the same species, highlighting conspecificity despite conspicuous morphological divergences. On the other hand, we recorded significant variation in bacterial communities harboured by Bathyllus albicinctus nymphs feeding on different plants, even when these were collected within close proximity to each other. Therefore, host plant association appeared to shape the bacterial communities of spittlebugs more than insect genetic divergence or geographical location. These diverse bacterial communities could potentially facilitate transmission of plant pathogenic bacteria, underscoring the risk of widespread transmission among numerous plant hosts through insect-plant interactions. This study emphasizes the critical need to understand these complex interactions, particularly in the context of biosecurity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39388461</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0311938</doi><tpages>e0311938</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-3631</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-4460</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e0311938 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3115393904 |
| source | MEDLINE; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Animals Australia Bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Biological diversity Biosecurity Cercopidae Composition Disease transmission Divergence Ethanol Gene sequencing Genetic analysis Genetic diversity Geographical distribution Geographical locations Hemiptera Hemiptera - microbiology Host plants Identification and classification Indigenous species Insect Vectors - microbiology Insects Microbial colonies Microbiomes Microbiota Next-generation sequencing Nymph - microbiology Pathogens Phylogeny Plant bacterial diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Diseases - parasitology Plant layout Plant species RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Xylella - genetics Xylella fastidiosa Xylem |
| title | Diversity and composition of the bacterial communities associated with the Australian spittlebugs Bathyllus albicinctus and Philagra parva (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) |
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