Over twenty years of publications in Ecology: Over-contribution of women reveals a new dimension of gender bias
Biographical features like social and economic status, ethnicity, sexuality, care roles, and gender unfairly disadvantage individuals within academia. Authorship patterns should reflect the social dimension behind the publishing process and co-authorship dynamics. To detect potential gender biases i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.e0307813 |
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| creator | Fontanarrosa, Gabriela Zarbá, Lucía Aschero, Valeria Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés Nuñez Montellano, María Gabriela Plaza Behr, Maia C Schroeder, Natalia Lomáscolo, Silvia Beatriz Fanjul, María Elisa Monmany Garzia, A Carolina Alvarez, Marisa Novillo, Agustina Lorenzo Pisarello, María José D'Almeida, Romina Elisa Valoy, Mariana Ramírez-Mejía, Andrés Felipe Rodríguez, Daniela Reynaga, Celina Sandoval Salinas, María Leonor Chillo, Verónica Piquer-Rodríguez, María |
| description | Biographical features like social and economic status, ethnicity, sexuality, care roles, and gender unfairly disadvantage individuals within academia. Authorship patterns should reflect the social dimension behind the publishing process and co-authorship dynamics. To detect potential gender biases in the authorship of papers and examine the extent of women's contribution in terms of the substantial volume of scientific production in Ecology, we surveyed papers from the top-ranked journal Ecology from 1999 to 2021. We developed a Women's Contribution Index (WCI) to measure gender-based individual contributions. Considering gender, allocation in the author list, and the total number of authors, the WCI calculates the sum of each woman's contribution per paper. We compared the WCI with women's expected contributions in a non-gender-biased scenario. Overall, women account for 30% of authors of Ecology, yet their contribution to papers is higher than expected by chance (i.e., over-contribution). Additionally, by comparing the WCI with an equivalent Men's Contribution Index, we found that women consistently have higher contributions compared to men. We also observed a temporal trend of increasing women's authorship and mixed-gender papers. This suggests some progress in addressing gender bias in the field of ecology. However, we emphasize the need for a better understanding of the pattern of over-contribution, which may partially stem from the phenomenon of over-compensation. In this context, women might need to outperform men to be perceived and evaluated as equals. The WCI provides a valuable tool for quantifying individual contributions and understanding gender biases in academic publishing. Moreover, the index could be customized to suit the specific question of interest. It serves to uncover a previously non-quantified type of bias (over-contribution) that, we argue, is the response to the inequitable structure of the scientific system, leading to differences in the roles of individuals within a scientific publishing team. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0307813 |
| format | Article |
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Authorship patterns should reflect the social dimension behind the publishing process and co-authorship dynamics. To detect potential gender biases in the authorship of papers and examine the extent of women's contribution in terms of the substantial volume of scientific production in Ecology, we surveyed papers from the top-ranked journal Ecology from 1999 to 2021. We developed a Women's Contribution Index (WCI) to measure gender-based individual contributions. Considering gender, allocation in the author list, and the total number of authors, the WCI calculates the sum of each woman's contribution per paper. We compared the WCI with women's expected contributions in a non-gender-biased scenario. Overall, women account for 30% of authors of Ecology, yet their contribution to papers is higher than expected by chance (i.e., over-contribution). Additionally, by comparing the WCI with an equivalent Men's Contribution Index, we found that women consistently have higher contributions compared to men. We also observed a temporal trend of increasing women's authorship and mixed-gender papers. This suggests some progress in addressing gender bias in the field of ecology. However, we emphasize the need for a better understanding of the pattern of over-contribution, which may partially stem from the phenomenon of over-compensation. In this context, women might need to outperform men to be perceived and evaluated as equals. The WCI provides a valuable tool for quantifying individual contributions and understanding gender biases in academic publishing. Moreover, the index could be customized to suit the specific question of interest. 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Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fontanarrosa, Gabriela</au><au>Zarbá, Lucía</au><au>Aschero, Valeria</au><au>Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés</au><au>Nuñez Montellano, María Gabriela</au><au>Plaza Behr, Maia C</au><au>Schroeder, Natalia</au><au>Lomáscolo, Silvia Beatriz</au><au>Fanjul, María Elisa</au><au>Monmany Garzia, A Carolina</au><au>Alvarez, Marisa</au><au>Novillo, Agustina</au><au>Lorenzo Pisarello, María José</au><au>D'Almeida, Romina Elisa</au><au>Valoy, Mariana</au><au>Ramírez-Mejía, Andrés Felipe</au><au>Rodríguez, Daniela</au><au>Reynaga, Celina</au><au>Sandoval Salinas, María Leonor</au><au>Chillo, Verónica</au><au>Piquer-Rodríguez, María</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Over twenty years of publications in Ecology: Over-contribution of women reveals a new dimension of gender bias</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-09-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0307813</spage><pages>e0307813-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Biographical features like social and economic status, ethnicity, sexuality, care roles, and gender unfairly disadvantage individuals within academia. Authorship patterns should reflect the social dimension behind the publishing process and co-authorship dynamics. To detect potential gender biases in the authorship of papers and examine the extent of women's contribution in terms of the substantial volume of scientific production in Ecology, we surveyed papers from the top-ranked journal Ecology from 1999 to 2021. We developed a Women's Contribution Index (WCI) to measure gender-based individual contributions. Considering gender, allocation in the author list, and the total number of authors, the WCI calculates the sum of each woman's contribution per paper. We compared the WCI with women's expected contributions in a non-gender-biased scenario. Overall, women account for 30% of authors of Ecology, yet their contribution to papers is higher than expected by chance (i.e., over-contribution). Additionally, by comparing the WCI with an equivalent Men's Contribution Index, we found that women consistently have higher contributions compared to men. We also observed a temporal trend of increasing women's authorship and mixed-gender papers. This suggests some progress in addressing gender bias in the field of ecology. However, we emphasize the need for a better understanding of the pattern of over-contribution, which may partially stem from the phenomenon of over-compensation. In this context, women might need to outperform men to be perceived and evaluated as equals. The WCI provides a valuable tool for quantifying individual contributions and understanding gender biases in academic publishing. Moreover, the index could be customized to suit the specific question of interest. It serves to uncover a previously non-quantified type of bias (over-contribution) that, we argue, is the response to the inequitable structure of the scientific system, leading to differences in the roles of individuals within a scientific publishing team.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39298391</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0307813</doi><tpages>e0307813</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-7725</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-0566</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-4133</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-5049</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-719X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-7536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-2263</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.e0307813 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3106995563 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Authorship Bias Bibliometrics Biology Biology and Life Sciences Careers Co authorship Demographic aspects Discrimination Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Economic aspects Evaluation Female Females Gender Health care disparities Human bias Humans Male Marginalized groups Men Meritocracy Periodicals as Topic - statistics & numerical data Prevention Publishing Publishing - statistics & numerical data Publishing industry Rankings Research and Analysis Methods Sex discrimination Sexism Sexuality Social aspects Social networks Social Sciences STEM education Surveys Trends Women |
| title | Over twenty years of publications in Ecology: Over-contribution of women reveals a new dimension of gender bias |
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