Thermal phenomena and size effects of Mg powder in combustion process
Magnesium is a combustible metal that poses various safety risks, including fires and explosions. However, there are limited safety measures available to prevent and respond to potential fires and explosion incidents in the metal industry. In this study, the combustion process of Mg fires was closel...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.e0310185 |
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| creator | Nam, Ki-Hun Park, Jung Kyu Lee, Jun-Sik |
| description | Magnesium is a combustible metal that poses various safety risks, including fires and explosions. However, there are limited safety measures available to prevent and respond to potential fires and explosion incidents in the metal industry. In this study, the combustion process of Mg fires was closely examined using infrared thermal imaging, focusing on the effects of Mg powder size. For the experiment, Mg powder was burned by increasing the temperature to approximately 967.4 K using an ignition unit and controller equipped with a tungsten heater. Moreover, combustion velocity measurement experiments for Mg particle sizes of 75, 100, and 150 μm were conducted using the combustion velocity measurement device presented in the NFPA 484 standard. On combustion of Mg, flames are observed; smoke is emitted as demonstrated by thermal and flow visualization experiments. The combustion velocity measurement experiment results demonstrated that the greater the slope value (combustion velocity) for the combustion length over time, the faster is the combustion velocity, with the 75 μm particle size having the fastest combustion velocity. The results of this experiment can be utilized as references for Mg fire control design and to gain a better understanding of the scope of smoke and fire hazard investigation measures. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0310185 |
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However, there are limited safety measures available to prevent and respond to potential fires and explosion incidents in the metal industry. In this study, the combustion process of Mg fires was closely examined using infrared thermal imaging, focusing on the effects of Mg powder size. For the experiment, Mg powder was burned by increasing the temperature to approximately 967.4 K using an ignition unit and controller equipped with a tungsten heater. Moreover, combustion velocity measurement experiments for Mg particle sizes of 75, 100, and 150 μm were conducted using the combustion velocity measurement device presented in the NFPA 484 standard. On combustion of Mg, flames are observed; smoke is emitted as demonstrated by thermal and flow visualization experiments. The combustion velocity measurement experiment results demonstrated that the greater the slope value (combustion velocity) for the combustion length over time, the faster is the combustion velocity, with the 75 μm particle size having the fastest combustion velocity. The results of this experiment can be utilized as references for Mg fire control design and to gain a better understanding of the scope of smoke and fire hazard investigation measures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310185</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39283834</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alloys ; Analysis ; Combustion ; Digital cameras ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Engineering and Technology ; Experiments ; Explosions ; Fire control ; Fire hazards ; Fire prevention ; Fires ; Fires - prevention & control ; Flow visualization ; Heat detection ; Hot Temperature ; Infrared imaging ; Lasers ; Magnesium ; Magnesium - chemistry ; Metal industry ; Particle Size ; Physical Sciences ; Powder ; Powders ; Propagation ; Properties ; Safety and security measures ; Safety measures ; Size effects ; Smoke ; Temperature ; Thermal imaging ; Tungsten ; Velocity ; Velocity measurement ; Visualization</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.e0310185</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Nam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Nam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Nam et al 2024 Nam et al</rights><rights>2024 Nam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0001-8016-0271 ; 0000-0003-3297-3889</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404785/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404785/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39283834$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nam, Ki-Hun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jung Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jun-Sik</creatorcontrib><title>Thermal phenomena and size effects of Mg powder in combustion process</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Magnesium is a combustible metal that poses various safety risks, including fires and explosions. However, there are limited safety measures available to prevent and respond to potential fires and explosion incidents in the metal industry. In this study, the combustion process of Mg fires was closely examined using infrared thermal imaging, focusing on the effects of Mg powder size. For the experiment, Mg powder was burned by increasing the temperature to approximately 967.4 K using an ignition unit and controller equipped with a tungsten heater. Moreover, combustion velocity measurement experiments for Mg particle sizes of 75, 100, and 150 μm were conducted using the combustion velocity measurement device presented in the NFPA 484 standard. On combustion of Mg, flames are observed; smoke is emitted as demonstrated by thermal and flow visualization experiments. The combustion velocity measurement experiment results demonstrated that the greater the slope value (combustion velocity) for the combustion length over time, the faster is the combustion velocity, with the 75 μm particle size having the fastest combustion velocity. The results of this experiment can be utilized as references for Mg fire control design and to gain a better understanding of the scope of smoke and fire hazard investigation measures.</description><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Combustion</subject><subject>Digital cameras</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Explosions</subject><subject>Fire control</subject><subject>Fire hazards</subject><subject>Fire prevention</subject><subject>Fires</subject><subject>Fires - prevention & control</subject><subject>Flow visualization</subject><subject>Heat detection</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Infrared imaging</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium - chemistry</subject><subject>Metal industry</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Powder</subject><subject>Powders</subject><subject>Propagation</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>Safety and security measures</subject><subject>Safety measures</subject><subject>Size effects</subject><subject>Smoke</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermal imaging</subject><subject>Tungsten</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Velocity measurement</subject><subject>Visualization</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1TAQhoso7of-A9GAsOjFOearbXoly7LqwsqCrt6GNJ20WdKk27R-_XpztMqp7IXkImHyzDuTd5JlTwjeElaSVzdhHr1y2yF42GJGMBH5veyQVIxuCorZ_b3zQXYU4w3GORNF8TA7YBUVTDB-mJ1fdzD2yqGhAx968Aop36BofwACY0BPEQWD3rdoCF8bGJH1SIe-nuNkg0fDGDTE-Ch7YJSL8HjZj7NPb86vz95tLq_eXpydXm5aXpBpY4qyzGtuRN0UDa1qrBghjBiWY1XzMqeCas2BlrqqgGFRmorUtGRQUZ4zUrPj7Nlv3cGFKBcHokyPz8tkAaeJeL0Qc91Do8FPo3JyGG2vxu8yKCvXN952sg1fJCEc81LkSeHFojCG2xniJHsbNTinPIT5V7ECc57aSujzf9C7W1qoVjmQ1puQCuudqDwVWAjOCN2V3d5BpdVAb3WasbEpvkp4uUpIzATfplbNMcqLjx_-n736vGZP9tgOlJu6GNy8m3dcg0_3rf7r8Z_PxX4C9vnNSQ</recordid><startdate>20240916</startdate><enddate>20240916</enddate><creator>Nam, Ki-Hun</creator><creator>Park, Jung Kyu</creator><creator>Lee, Jun-Sik</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-0271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-3889</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240916</creationdate><title>Thermal phenomena and size effects of Mg powder in combustion process</title><author>Nam, Ki-Hun ; Park, Jung Kyu ; Lee, Jun-Sik</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-g461t-f6775b4f8bd6d29b0a31131f350ab475282cc4e27c99e3087f91b273e924531b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Alloys</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Combustion</topic><topic>Digital cameras</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Explosions</topic><topic>Fire control</topic><topic>Fire hazards</topic><topic>Fire prevention</topic><topic>Fires</topic><topic>Fires - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nam, Ki-Hun</au><au>Park, Jung Kyu</au><au>Lee, Jun-Sik</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thermal phenomena and size effects of Mg powder in combustion process</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-09-16</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0310185</spage><pages>e0310185-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Magnesium is a combustible metal that poses various safety risks, including fires and explosions. However, there are limited safety measures available to prevent and respond to potential fires and explosion incidents in the metal industry. In this study, the combustion process of Mg fires was closely examined using infrared thermal imaging, focusing on the effects of Mg powder size. For the experiment, Mg powder was burned by increasing the temperature to approximately 967.4 K using an ignition unit and controller equipped with a tungsten heater. Moreover, combustion velocity measurement experiments for Mg particle sizes of 75, 100, and 150 μm were conducted using the combustion velocity measurement device presented in the NFPA 484 standard. On combustion of Mg, flames are observed; smoke is emitted as demonstrated by thermal and flow visualization experiments. The combustion velocity measurement experiment results demonstrated that the greater the slope value (combustion velocity) for the combustion length over time, the faster is the combustion velocity, with the 75 μm particle size having the fastest combustion velocity. The results of this experiment can be utilized as references for Mg fire control design and to gain a better understanding of the scope of smoke and fire hazard investigation measures.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39283834</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0310185</doi><tpages>e0310185</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-0271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-3889</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alloys Analysis Combustion Digital cameras Ecology and Environmental Sciences Engineering and Technology Experiments Explosions Fire control Fire hazards Fire prevention Fires Fires - prevention & control Flow visualization Heat detection Hot Temperature Infrared imaging Lasers Magnesium Magnesium - chemistry Metal industry Particle Size Physical Sciences Powder Powders Propagation Properties Safety and security measures Safety measures Size effects Smoke Temperature Thermal imaging Tungsten Velocity Velocity measurement Visualization |
| title | Thermal phenomena and size effects of Mg powder in combustion process |
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