Differential growth enhancement followed by notable microbiota modulation in growing-finishing pigs by Bacillus subtilis strains ps4060, ps4100, and a 50:50 strain mixture
A 50:50 blend of two Bacillus subtilis strains positively impacted the productivity of finishing pigs. Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: ba...
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| description | A 50:50 blend of two Bacillus subtilis strains positively impacted the productivity of finishing pigs. Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: basal diet, B. subtilis ps4100, B. subtilis ps4060, and 50:50 mixture supplemented. Subsequently, we compared body weight and fecal microbiota. Among the supplements, ps4100, ps4060, and the 50:50 mix yielded respective average daily weight gains (ADG) of 3.6%, 4.6%, and 3.9% by the 6th week. The weight difference was maintained through the 16th week. At the 11th week, the difference in α-diversity among the fecal microbiota was marginal, and 17 of 229 genera showed differential abundance between the control and either of the treatment groups. A total of 12 of the 17 genera, including Lactobacillus, showed differential abundance between the ps4100 and ps4060-fed groups, and only Eubacterium consistently decreased in abundance in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups. In comparison, microbial diversity was significantly different at the 16th week (p < 0.05), with 96 out of 229 genera exhibiting differential abundance. A total of 42 of the 96 genera exhibited similar patterns in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups compared to the control group. Additionally, 236 of 687 microbial enzymes with differential abundance deduced from 16S rRNA reads showed similar differential abundance in both groups compared to the control group. We concluded that the overall microbial balance, rather than the dominance or significant decrease of a few specific genera, likely caused the enhanced ADG until the 11th week. Substantial changes in microbiota manifested at the 16th week did not cause dramatically increased ADG but were a consequence of weight gain and could positively affect animal physiology and health afterward. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0306014 |
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Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: basal diet, B. subtilis ps4100, B. subtilis ps4060, and 50:50 mixture supplemented. Subsequently, we compared body weight and fecal microbiota. Among the supplements, ps4100, ps4060, and the 50:50 mix yielded respective average daily weight gains (ADG) of 3.6%, 4.6%, and 3.9% by the 6th week. The weight difference was maintained through the 16th week. At the 11th week, the difference in α-diversity among the fecal microbiota was marginal, and 17 of 229 genera showed differential abundance between the control and either of the treatment groups. A total of 12 of the 17 genera, including Lactobacillus, showed differential abundance between the ps4100 and ps4060-fed groups, and only Eubacterium consistently decreased in abundance in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups. In comparison, microbial diversity was significantly different at the 16th week (p < 0.05), with 96 out of 229 genera exhibiting differential abundance. A total of 42 of the 96 genera exhibited similar patterns in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups compared to the control group. Additionally, 236 of 687 microbial enzymes with differential abundance deduced from 16S rRNA reads showed similar differential abundance in both groups compared to the control group. We concluded that the overall microbial balance, rather than the dominance or significant decrease of a few specific genera, likely caused the enhanced ADG until the 11th week. Substantial changes in microbiota manifested at the 16th week did not cause dramatically increased ADG but were a consequence of weight gain and could positively affect animal physiology and health afterward.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39250473</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Animal Feed ; Animal physiology ; Animal science ; Animals ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacillus subtilis - genetics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body weight ; Diet ; Fecal microflora ; Feces ; Feces - microbiology ; Feeds ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Health aspects ; Hogs ; Intestinal microflora ; Meat quality ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microorganisms ; Mixtures ; Obesity ; Probiotics ; Productivity ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; rRNA 16S ; Swine ; Weight ; Weight Gain</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.e0306014</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Song et al 2024 Song et al</rights><rights>2024 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c506t-92d62e60e933ef8d048e1759f49778022700625b783fc8432de0df2488268cf93</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8310-7441</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383229/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383229/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39250473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Tomaszewska, Ewa</contributor><creatorcontrib>Song, Jun Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sung-Su</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, In Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Yangrae</creatorcontrib><title>Differential growth enhancement followed by notable microbiota modulation in growing-finishing pigs by Bacillus subtilis strains ps4060, ps4100, and a 50:50 strain mixture</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>A 50:50 blend of two Bacillus subtilis strains positively impacted the productivity of finishing pigs. Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: basal diet, B. subtilis ps4100, B. subtilis ps4060, and 50:50 mixture supplemented. Subsequently, we compared body weight and fecal microbiota. Among the supplements, ps4100, ps4060, and the 50:50 mix yielded respective average daily weight gains (ADG) of 3.6%, 4.6%, and 3.9% by the 6th week. The weight difference was maintained through the 16th week. At the 11th week, the difference in α-diversity among the fecal microbiota was marginal, and 17 of 229 genera showed differential abundance between the control and either of the treatment groups. A total of 12 of the 17 genera, including Lactobacillus, showed differential abundance between the ps4100 and ps4060-fed groups, and only Eubacterium consistently decreased in abundance in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups. In comparison, microbial diversity was significantly different at the 16th week (p < 0.05), with 96 out of 229 genera exhibiting differential abundance. A total of 42 of the 96 genera exhibited similar patterns in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups compared to the control group. Additionally, 236 of 687 microbial enzymes with differential abundance deduced from 16S rRNA reads showed similar differential abundance in both groups compared to the control group. We concluded that the overall microbial balance, rather than the dominance or significant decrease of a few specific genera, likely caused the enhanced ADG until the 11th week. Substantial changes in microbiota manifested at the 16th week did not cause dramatically increased ADG but were a consequence of weight gain and could positively affect animal physiology and health afterward.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animal physiology</subject><subject>Animal science</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis - genetics</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Fecal microflora</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Meat quality</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Song, Jun Ho</au><au>Park, Sung-Su</au><au>Kim, In Ho</au><au>Cho, Yangrae</au><au>Tomaszewska, Ewa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Differential growth enhancement followed by notable microbiota modulation in growing-finishing pigs by Bacillus subtilis strains ps4060, ps4100, and a 50:50 strain mixture</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-09-09</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0306014</spage><pages>e0306014-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>A 50:50 blend of two Bacillus subtilis strains positively impacted the productivity of finishing pigs. Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: basal diet, B. subtilis ps4100, B. subtilis ps4060, and 50:50 mixture supplemented. Subsequently, we compared body weight and fecal microbiota. Among the supplements, ps4100, ps4060, and the 50:50 mix yielded respective average daily weight gains (ADG) of 3.6%, 4.6%, and 3.9% by the 6th week. The weight difference was maintained through the 16th week. At the 11th week, the difference in α-diversity among the fecal microbiota was marginal, and 17 of 229 genera showed differential abundance between the control and either of the treatment groups. A total of 12 of the 17 genera, including Lactobacillus, showed differential abundance between the ps4100 and ps4060-fed groups, and only Eubacterium consistently decreased in abundance in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups. In comparison, microbial diversity was significantly different at the 16th week (p < 0.05), with 96 out of 229 genera exhibiting differential abundance. A total of 42 of the 96 genera exhibited similar patterns in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups compared to the control group. Additionally, 236 of 687 microbial enzymes with differential abundance deduced from 16S rRNA reads showed similar differential abundance in both groups compared to the control group. We concluded that the overall microbial balance, rather than the dominance or significant decrease of a few specific genera, likely caused the enhanced ADG until the 11th week. Substantial changes in microbiota manifested at the 16th week did not cause dramatically increased ADG but were a consequence of weight gain and could positively affect animal physiology and health afterward.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39250473</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0306014</doi><tpages>e0306014</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-7441</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abundance Animal Feed Animal physiology Animal science Animals Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis - genetics Biology and Life Sciences Body weight Diet Fecal microflora Feces Feces - microbiology Feeds Gastrointestinal Microbiome Health aspects Hogs Intestinal microflora Meat quality Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Microorganisms Mixtures Obesity Probiotics Productivity RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Swine Weight Weight Gain |
| title | Differential growth enhancement followed by notable microbiota modulation in growing-finishing pigs by Bacillus subtilis strains ps4060, ps4100, and a 50:50 strain mixture |
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