Susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria
The detection of insecticide resistance in male mosquitoes has been treated with less importance in monitoring insecticide resistance spread in mosquitoes. There are no studies on the susceptibility and synergistic activity of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin on male Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in...
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| description | The detection of insecticide resistance in male mosquitoes has been treated with less importance in monitoring insecticide resistance spread in mosquitoes. There are no studies on the susceptibility and synergistic activity of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin on male Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria. Even though studies have extensively reported resistance in female mosquitoes, the susceptibility of male mosquitoes to insecticide classes should be ascertained. In this study, we tested the susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of resistance and knockdown. In addition, we modelled the knockdown time using Probit analysis model. WHO bioassay method was used to expose two days old adult mosquitoes to 4% DDT and 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin. The results showed that An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (61% and 53% respectively). However, pre-exposing the resistant mosquito population to piperonyl butoxide (4%) showed an increase in mortality to 90% (possible resistance) in DDT and 98% (susceptible) in lambda-cyhalothrin. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to DDT were susceptible (98%) while those exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (87%) and this increased to complete mortality (100%) in PBO+lambda-cyhalothrin population. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown time (KDT50 and KDT95) in An. gambiae exposed to DDT was 39.5-71.2 minutes and 124.5-146.4 minutes respectively, while that of lambda-cyhalothrin was 33.0-81.8 minutes and 64.0-124.4 minutes respectively. In Ae. aegypti, KDT50 and KDT95 was 23.9 and 61.7minutes for DDT exposure whereas it was 5.6-15.3 minutes and 36.1-72.3 minutes for lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. It can be concluded that male An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to the insecticides were resistant and the causes may be linked to certain resistant genes in the mosquitoes. The chances of transferring resistance are possible in wild species and molecular-based studies on the resistant gene in male mosquitoes as well as the tendencies of transfer are required to establish this focus. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0309199 |
| format | Article |
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There are no studies on the susceptibility and synergistic activity of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin on male Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria. Even though studies have extensively reported resistance in female mosquitoes, the susceptibility of male mosquitoes to insecticide classes should be ascertained. In this study, we tested the susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of resistance and knockdown. In addition, we modelled the knockdown time using Probit analysis model. WHO bioassay method was used to expose two days old adult mosquitoes to 4% DDT and 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin. The results showed that An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (61% and 53% respectively). However, pre-exposing the resistant mosquito population to piperonyl butoxide (4%) showed an increase in mortality to 90% (possible resistance) in DDT and 98% (susceptible) in lambda-cyhalothrin. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to DDT were susceptible (98%) while those exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (87%) and this increased to complete mortality (100%) in PBO+lambda-cyhalothrin population. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown time (KDT50 and KDT95) in An. gambiae exposed to DDT was 39.5-71.2 minutes and 124.5-146.4 minutes respectively, while that of lambda-cyhalothrin was 33.0-81.8 minutes and 64.0-124.4 minutes respectively. In Ae. aegypti, KDT50 and KDT95 was 23.9 and 61.7minutes for DDT exposure whereas it was 5.6-15.3 minutes and 36.1-72.3 minutes for lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. It can be concluded that male An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to the insecticides were resistant and the causes may be linked to certain resistant genes in the mosquitoes. The chances of transferring resistance are possible in wild species and molecular-based studies on the resistant gene in male mosquitoes as well as the tendencies of transfer are required to establish this focus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309199</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39208076</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aedes - drug effects ; Aedes aegypti ; Animals ; Anopheles ; Anopheles - drug effects ; Anopheles - genetics ; Anopheles gambiae ; Aquatic insects ; Bioassays ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Control ; Culicidae ; Cyhalothrin ; DDT ; DDT (Insecticide) ; DDT - pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Exposure ; Female ; Genetic aspects ; Insecticide resistance ; Insecticide Resistance - genetics ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Local government ; Malaria ; Male ; Males ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mortality ; Mosquitoes ; Nigeria ; Nitriles - pharmacology ; People and Places ; Pesticide resistance ; Pesticides ; Physiological aspects ; Piperonyl butoxide ; Pyrethrins - pharmacology ; Stereoisomers ; Susceptibility ; Tropical diseases ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-08, Vol.19 (8), p.e0309199</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Ojianwuna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Ojianwuna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Ojianwuna et al 2024 Ojianwuna et al</rights><rights>2024 Ojianwuna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-3be7f861802e6c13f08dd3a2983b24049a0fba1d54bf5b5531d353d7df9ee9ca3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2116-4448</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361428/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361428/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39208076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bakare, Adekunle Akeem</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ojianwuna, Chioma C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enwemiwe, Victor N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esiwo, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekunye, Favour</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anidiobi, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oborayiruvbe, Treasure E</creatorcontrib><title>Susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The detection of insecticide resistance in male mosquitoes has been treated with less importance in monitoring insecticide resistance spread in mosquitoes. 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However, pre-exposing the resistant mosquito population to piperonyl butoxide (4%) showed an increase in mortality to 90% (possible resistance) in DDT and 98% (susceptible) in lambda-cyhalothrin. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to DDT were susceptible (98%) while those exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (87%) and this increased to complete mortality (100%) in PBO+lambda-cyhalothrin population. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown time (KDT50 and KDT95) in An. gambiae exposed to DDT was 39.5-71.2 minutes and 124.5-146.4 minutes respectively, while that of lambda-cyhalothrin was 33.0-81.8 minutes and 64.0-124.4 minutes respectively. In Ae. aegypti, KDT50 and KDT95 was 23.9 and 61.7minutes for DDT exposure whereas it was 5.6-15.3 minutes and 36.1-72.3 minutes for lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. It can be concluded that male An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to the insecticides were resistant and the causes may be linked to certain resistant genes in the mosquitoes. The chances of transferring resistance are possible in wild species and molecular-based studies on the resistant gene in male mosquitoes as well as the tendencies of transfer are required to establish this focus.</description><subject>Aedes - drug effects</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anopheles</subject><subject>Anopheles - drug effects</subject><subject>Anopheles - genetics</subject><subject>Anopheles gambiae</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Culicidae</subject><subject>Cyhalothrin</subject><subject>DDT</subject><subject>DDT (Insecticide)</subject><subject>DDT - pharmacology</subject><subject>Drug Synergism</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Insecticide resistance</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance - genetics</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ojianwuna, Chioma C</au><au>Enwemiwe, Victor N</au><au>Esiwo, Eric</au><au>Mekunye, Favour</au><au>Anidiobi, Ann</au><au>Oborayiruvbe, Treasure E</au><au>Bakare, Adekunle Akeem</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-08-29</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0309199</spage><pages>e0309199-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The detection of insecticide resistance in male mosquitoes has been treated with less importance in monitoring insecticide resistance spread in mosquitoes. There are no studies on the susceptibility and synergistic activity of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin on male Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria. Even though studies have extensively reported resistance in female mosquitoes, the susceptibility of male mosquitoes to insecticide classes should be ascertained. In this study, we tested the susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of resistance and knockdown. In addition, we modelled the knockdown time using Probit analysis model. WHO bioassay method was used to expose two days old adult mosquitoes to 4% DDT and 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin. The results showed that An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (61% and 53% respectively). However, pre-exposing the resistant mosquito population to piperonyl butoxide (4%) showed an increase in mortality to 90% (possible resistance) in DDT and 98% (susceptible) in lambda-cyhalothrin. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to DDT were susceptible (98%) while those exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were confirmed resistant (87%) and this increased to complete mortality (100%) in PBO+lambda-cyhalothrin population. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown time (KDT50 and KDT95) in An. gambiae exposed to DDT was 39.5-71.2 minutes and 124.5-146.4 minutes respectively, while that of lambda-cyhalothrin was 33.0-81.8 minutes and 64.0-124.4 minutes respectively. In Ae. aegypti, KDT50 and KDT95 was 23.9 and 61.7minutes for DDT exposure whereas it was 5.6-15.3 minutes and 36.1-72.3 minutes for lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. It can be concluded that male An. gambiae mosquitoes exposed to the insecticides were resistant and the causes may be linked to certain resistant genes in the mosquitoes. The chances of transferring resistance are possible in wild species and molecular-based studies on the resistant gene in male mosquitoes as well as the tendencies of transfer are required to establish this focus.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39208076</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0309199</doi><tpages>e0309199</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-4448</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-08, Vol.19 (8), p.e0309199 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3098716598 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Aedes - drug effects Aedes aegypti Animals Anopheles Anopheles - drug effects Anopheles - genetics Anopheles gambiae Aquatic insects Bioassays Biology and Life Sciences Control Culicidae Cyhalothrin DDT DDT (Insecticide) DDT - pharmacology Drug Synergism Exposure Female Genetic aspects Insecticide resistance Insecticide Resistance - genetics Insecticides Insecticides - pharmacology Local government Malaria Male Males Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Mosquitoes Nigeria Nitriles - pharmacology People and Places Pesticide resistance Pesticides Physiological aspects Piperonyl butoxide Pyrethrins - pharmacology Stereoisomers Susceptibility Tropical diseases Variance analysis |
| title | Susceptibility status and synergistic activity of DDT and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti in Delta State, Nigeria |
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