Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19

After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC. RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individua...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2024-07, Vol.19 (7), p.e0304990
Hauptverfasser: Wynberg, Elke, Han, Alvin X, van Willigen, Hugo D G, Verveen, Anouk, van Pul, Lisa, Maurer, Irma, van Leeuwen, Ester M, van den Aardweg, Joost G, de Jong, Menno D, Nieuwkerk, Pythia, Prins, Maria, Kootstra, Neeltje A, de Bree, Godelieve J
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container_issue 7
container_start_page e0304990
container_title PloS one
container_volume 19
creator Wynberg, Elke
Han, Alvin X
van Willigen, Hugo D G
Verveen, Anouk
van Pul, Lisa
Maurer, Irma
van Leeuwen, Ester M
van den Aardweg, Joost G
de Jong, Menno D
Nieuwkerk, Pythia
Prins, Maria
Kootstra, Neeltje A
de Bree, Godelieve J
description After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC. RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and June 2021 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum was collected at weeks 4, 12 and 24 of follow-up. Monthly symptom questionnaires were completed from month 2 after COVID-19 onset onwards; lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) was tested at 6 months. Cytokine concentrations were analysed by human magnetic Luminex screening assay. We used a linear mixed-effects model to study log-concentrations of cytokines over time, assessing their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were included in the model as fixed effects. 186/349 (53%) participants had ≥2 serum samples and were included in current analyses. Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45-64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40-56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0-4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks. Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. Early IL-1β shows promise as a predictor of PASC.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0304990
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Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45-64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40-56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0-4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks. Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. 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We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC. RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and June 2021 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum was collected at weeks 4, 12 and 24 of follow-up. Monthly symptom questionnaires were completed from month 2 after COVID-19 onset onwards; lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) was tested at 6 months. Cytokine concentrations were analysed by human magnetic Luminex screening assay. We used a linear mixed-effects model to study log-concentrations of cytokines over time, assessing their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were included in the model as fixed effects. 186/349 (53%) participants had ≥2 serum samples and were included in current analyses. Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45-64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40-56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0-4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks. Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. Early IL-1β shows promise as a predictor of PASC.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>39008486</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0304990</doi><tpages>e0304990</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-086X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-1414</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-3132</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
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source Electronic Journals Library; MEDLINE; Public Library of Science; PubMed Central; Directory of Open Access Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adult
Aged
Analysis
Biology and Life Sciences
Body mass index
Cohort analysis
Complications
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 vaccines
Cytokines
Cytokines - blood
Female
Females
Health aspects
Health care
Humans
IL-1β
Infection
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - blood
Interleukin-1
Laboratories
Long COVID
Male
Measurement
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Netherlands - epidemiology
Observational studies
Oxygen therapy
Pathogenesis
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Prospective Studies
Proteins
Pulmonary functions
Respiratory function
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sociodemographics
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
title Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19
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