β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs
Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg B...
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| description | Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey's test (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0304833 |
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Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey's test (P<0.05). Dogs fed Β-Y15 showed higher serum IL-2 than dogs fed Β-S30 (P<0.05). A higher phagocytic index of monocytes was observed in dogs fed the B-S15 diet than in those fed the other diets, and a higher neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for B-S15 and B-Y15 than in dogs fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Monocytes from dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 produced more NO and less H2O2 than those from the CON and B-Y15 groups (P<0.05). Despite in the reference value, CRP levels were higher in dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 diets (P<0.05). β-1,3/1,6-glucan showed cell-mediated activation of the immune system, with increased serum IL-2 and neutrophil phagocytic index, whereas β-1,3-glucan acted on the immune system by increasing the ex vivo production of NO by monocytes, neutrophil phagocytic index, and serum CRP. Calprotectin and CRP levels did not support inflammation or other health issues related to β-glucan intake. In conclusion, both β-glucan sources modulated some immune and inflammatory parameters in dogs, however, different pathways have been suggested for the recognition and action of these molecules, reinforcing the necessity for further mechanistic studies, especially for E. gracilis β-1,3-glucan.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304833</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38820480</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; beta-Glucans - pharmacology ; C-reactive protein ; C-Reactive Protein - analysis ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Cell activation ; Cell culture ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Diet ; Dogs ; Euglena ; Euglena gracilis ; Feces - chemistry ; Female ; Food intake ; Fungi ; Glucan ; Glucans ; Glucans - pharmacology ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism ; Hydrogen production ; Immune system ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Inflammation ; Interleukin 2 ; Leukocytes (neutrophilic) ; Male ; Molecular structure ; Molecular weight ; Monocytes ; Monocytes - drug effects ; Monocytes - immunology ; Monocytes - metabolism ; Neutrophils ; Neutrophils - drug effects ; Neutrophils - immunology ; Neutrophils - metabolism ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; Nutrition research ; Parameters ; Pet food ; Phagocytes ; Phagocytosis - drug effects ; Poultry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Structure-function relationships ; Veterinary medicine ; Yeast ; β-1,3-Glucan ; β-Glucan</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024, Vol.19 (5), p.e0304833</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 de Souza Theodoro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>2024 de Souza Theodoro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 de Souza Theodoro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-4a1a2965d9e97674383856e4fcd67c899b2f357d97b1dc94a011b2927b5dd6d93</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8075-458X ; 0000-0002-9602-4183</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304833&type=printable$$EPDF$$P50$$Gplos$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304833$$EHTML$$P50$$Gplos$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,2096,2915,4010,23845,27900,27901,27902,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38820480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Souza Theodoro, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves Tozato, Maria Eduarda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warde Luis, Letícia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goloni, Camila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bassi Scarpim, Lucas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bortolo, Marcelino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavalieri Carciofi, Aulus</creatorcontrib><title>β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey's test (P<0.05). Dogs fed Β-Y15 showed higher serum IL-2 than dogs fed Β-S30 (P<0.05). A higher phagocytic index of monocytes was observed in dogs fed the B-S15 diet than in those fed the other diets, and a higher neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for B-S15 and B-Y15 than in dogs fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Monocytes from dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 produced more NO and less H2O2 than those from the CON and B-Y15 groups (P<0.05). Despite in the reference value, CRP levels were higher in dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 diets (P<0.05). β-1,3/1,6-glucan showed cell-mediated activation of the immune system, with increased serum IL-2 and neutrophil phagocytic index, whereas β-1,3-glucan acted on the immune system by increasing the ex vivo production of NO by monocytes, neutrophil phagocytic index, and serum CRP. Calprotectin and CRP levels did not support inflammation or other health issues related to β-glucan intake. In conclusion, both β-glucan sources modulated some immune and inflammatory parameters in dogs, however, different pathways have been suggested for the recognition and action of these molecules, reinforcing the necessity for further mechanistic studies, especially for E. gracilis β-1,3-glucan.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>beta-Glucans - pharmacology</subject><subject>C-reactive protein</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - analysis</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Euglena</subject><subject>Euglena gracilis</subject><subject>Feces - chemistry</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Glucan</subject><subject>Glucans</subject><subject>Glucans - pharmacology</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Hydrogen Peroxide - 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Academic</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Souza Theodoro, Stephanie</au><au>Gonçalves Tozato, Maria Eduarda</au><au>Warde Luis, Letícia</au><au>Goloni, Camila</au><au>Bassi Scarpim, Lucas</au><au>Bortolo, Marcelino</au><au>Cavalieri Carciofi, Aulus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0304833</spage><pages>e0304833-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey's test (P<0.05). Dogs fed Β-Y15 showed higher serum IL-2 than dogs fed Β-S30 (P<0.05). A higher phagocytic index of monocytes was observed in dogs fed the B-S15 diet than in those fed the other diets, and a higher neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for B-S15 and B-Y15 than in dogs fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Monocytes from dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 produced more NO and less H2O2 than those from the CON and B-Y15 groups (P<0.05). Despite in the reference value, CRP levels were higher in dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 diets (P<0.05). β-1,3/1,6-glucan showed cell-mediated activation of the immune system, with increased serum IL-2 and neutrophil phagocytic index, whereas β-1,3-glucan acted on the immune system by increasing the ex vivo production of NO by monocytes, neutrophil phagocytic index, and serum CRP. Calprotectin and CRP levels did not support inflammation or other health issues related to β-glucan intake. In conclusion, both β-glucan sources modulated some immune and inflammatory parameters in dogs, however, different pathways have been suggested for the recognition and action of these molecules, reinforcing the necessity for further mechanistic studies, especially for E. gracilis β-1,3-glucan.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38820480</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0304833</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8075-458X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-4183</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024, Vol.19 (5), p.e0304833 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069292407 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Animals beta-Glucans - pharmacology C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - analysis C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cell activation Cell culture Cytokines - metabolism Diet Dogs Euglena Euglena gracilis Feces - chemistry Female Food intake Fungi Glucan Glucans Glucans - pharmacology Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism Hydrogen production Immune system Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Inflammation Interleukin 2 Leukocytes (neutrophilic) Male Molecular structure Molecular weight Monocytes Monocytes - drug effects Monocytes - immunology Monocytes - metabolism Neutrophils Neutrophils - drug effects Neutrophils - immunology Neutrophils - metabolism Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nutrition research Parameters Pet food Phagocytes Phagocytosis - drug effects Poultry Saccharomyces cerevisiae Structure-function relationships Veterinary medicine Yeast β-1,3-Glucan β-Glucan |
| title | β-glucans from Euglena gracilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae effects on immunity and inflammatory parameters in dogs |
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