Tuberculosis Immunoreactivity Surveillance in Malawi (Timasamala)-A protocol for a cross-sectional Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey in Blantyre, Malawi
Tuberculosis (TB) transmission and prevalence are dynamic over time, and heterogeneous within populations. Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0291215-e0291215 |
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| creator | Rickman, Hannah M Phiri, Mphatso D Feasey, Helena R A Mbale, Hannah Nliwasa, Marriott Semphere, Robina Chagaluka, George Fielding, Katherine Mwandumba, Henry C Horton, Katherine C Nightingale, Emily S Henrion, Marc Y R Mbendera, Kuzani Mpunga, James A Corbett, Elizabeth L MacPherson, Peter |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) transmission and prevalence are dynamic over time, and heterogeneous within populations. Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current methods of TB surveillance often rely on case notifications, which are biased by access to healthcare, and TB disease prevalence surveys, which are highly resource-intensive, requiring many tens of thousands of people to be tested to identify high-risk groups or capture trends. Surveys of "latent TB infection", or immunoreactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using tests such as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) could provide a way to identify TB transmission hotspots, supplementing information from disease notifications, and with greater spatial and temporal resolution than is possible to achieve in disease prevalence surveys. This cross-sectional survey will investigate the prevalence of Mtb immunoreactivity amongst young children, adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, a high HIV-prevalence city in southern Africa. Through this study we will estimate the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) in Blantyre and explore individual- and area-level risk factors for infection, as well as investigating geospatial heterogeneity of Mtb infection (and its determinants), and comparing these to the distribution of TB disease case-notifications. We will also evaluate novel diagnostics for Mtb infection (QIAreach QFT) and sampling methodologies (convenience sampling in healthcare settings and community sampling based on satellite imagery), which may increase the feasibility of measuring Mtb infection at large scale. The overall aim is to provide high-resolution epidemiological data and provide new insights into methodologies which may be used by TB programmes globally. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0291215 |
| format | Article |
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Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current methods of TB surveillance often rely on case notifications, which are biased by access to healthcare, and TB disease prevalence surveys, which are highly resource-intensive, requiring many tens of thousands of people to be tested to identify high-risk groups or capture trends. Surveys of "latent TB infection", or immunoreactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using tests such as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) could provide a way to identify TB transmission hotspots, supplementing information from disease notifications, and with greater spatial and temporal resolution than is possible to achieve in disease prevalence surveys. This cross-sectional survey will investigate the prevalence of Mtb immunoreactivity amongst young children, adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, a high HIV-prevalence city in southern Africa. Through this study we will estimate the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) in Blantyre and explore individual- and area-level risk factors for infection, as well as investigating geospatial heterogeneity of Mtb infection (and its determinants), and comparing these to the distribution of TB disease case-notifications. We will also evaluate novel diagnostics for Mtb infection (QIAreach QFT) and sampling methodologies (convenience sampling in healthcare settings and community sampling based on satellite imagery), which may increase the feasibility of measuring Mtb infection at large scale. The overall aim is to provide high-resolution epidemiological data and provide new insights into methodologies which may be used by TB programmes globally.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291215</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38787869</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Adults ; BCG ; BCG vaccines ; Biological response modifiers ; Blood tests ; Child ; Clinics ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnostic tests ; Discrimination in medical care ; Disease transmission ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health care ; Health care access ; Heterogeneity ; HIV ; HIV (Viruses) ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Immunoreactivity ; Infections ; Interferon ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests - methods ; Malawi - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology ; Neighborhoods ; Performance evaluation ; Polls & surveys ; Population ; Prevalence ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Public health ; Remote sensing ; Risk Factors ; Risk groups ; Sampling ; Sampling methods ; Satellite imagery ; Surveillance ; Surveys ; Teenagers ; Temporal resolution ; Tracking ; Trends ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis - diagnosis ; Tuberculosis - epidemiology ; Underserved populations ; Young Adult ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0291215-e0291215</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Rickman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Rickman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Rickman et al. 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Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current methods of TB surveillance often rely on case notifications, which are biased by access to healthcare, and TB disease prevalence surveys, which are highly resource-intensive, requiring many tens of thousands of people to be tested to identify high-risk groups or capture trends. Surveys of "latent TB infection", or immunoreactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using tests such as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) could provide a way to identify TB transmission hotspots, supplementing information from disease notifications, and with greater spatial and temporal resolution than is possible to achieve in disease prevalence surveys. This cross-sectional survey will investigate the prevalence of Mtb immunoreactivity amongst young children, adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, a high HIV-prevalence city in southern Africa. Through this study we will estimate the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) in Blantyre and explore individual- and area-level risk factors for infection, as well as investigating geospatial heterogeneity of Mtb infection (and its determinants), and comparing these to the distribution of TB disease case-notifications. We will also evaluate novel diagnostics for Mtb infection (QIAreach QFT) and sampling methodologies (convenience sampling in healthcare settings and community sampling based on satellite imagery), which may increase the feasibility of measuring Mtb infection at large scale. 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Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rickman, Hannah M</au><au>Phiri, Mphatso D</au><au>Feasey, Helena R A</au><au>Mbale, Hannah</au><au>Nliwasa, Marriott</au><au>Semphere, Robina</au><au>Chagaluka, George</au><au>Fielding, Katherine</au><au>Mwandumba, Henry C</au><au>Horton, Katherine C</au><au>Nightingale, Emily S</au><au>Henrion, Marc Y R</au><au>Mbendera, Kuzani</au><au>Mpunga, James A</au><au>Corbett, Elizabeth L</au><au>MacPherson, Peter</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tuberculosis Immunoreactivity Surveillance in Malawi (Timasamala)-A protocol for a cross-sectional Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey in Blantyre, Malawi</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-05-24</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0291215</spage><epage>e0291215</epage><pages>e0291215-e0291215</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Tuberculosis (TB) transmission and prevalence are dynamic over time, and heterogeneous within populations. Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current methods of TB surveillance often rely on case notifications, which are biased by access to healthcare, and TB disease prevalence surveys, which are highly resource-intensive, requiring many tens of thousands of people to be tested to identify high-risk groups or capture trends. Surveys of "latent TB infection", or immunoreactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using tests such as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) could provide a way to identify TB transmission hotspots, supplementing information from disease notifications, and with greater spatial and temporal resolution than is possible to achieve in disease prevalence surveys. This cross-sectional survey will investigate the prevalence of Mtb immunoreactivity amongst young children, adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, a high HIV-prevalence city in southern Africa. Through this study we will estimate the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) in Blantyre and explore individual- and area-level risk factors for infection, as well as investigating geospatial heterogeneity of Mtb infection (and its determinants), and comparing these to the distribution of TB disease case-notifications. We will also evaluate novel diagnostics for Mtb infection (QIAreach QFT) and sampling methodologies (convenience sampling in healthcare settings and community sampling based on satellite imagery), which may increase the feasibility of measuring Mtb infection at large scale. The overall aim is to provide high-resolution epidemiological data and provide new insights into methodologies which may be used by TB programmes globally.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38787869</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0291215</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-9715</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-9613</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-5512</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-4065</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-3754</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-0744</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-839X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-3608</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0291215-e0291215 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069289989 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Adult Adults BCG BCG vaccines Biological response modifiers Blood tests Child Clinics COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnostic tests Discrimination in medical care Disease transmission Epidemiology Female Health care Health care access Heterogeneity HIV HIV (Viruses) Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunoreactivity Infections Interferon Interferon-gamma Release Tests - methods Malawi - epidemiology Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology Neighborhoods Performance evaluation Polls & surveys Population Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Public health Remote sensing Risk Factors Risk groups Sampling Sampling methods Satellite imagery Surveillance Surveys Teenagers Temporal resolution Tracking Trends Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - diagnosis Tuberculosis - epidemiology Underserved populations Young Adult γ-Interferon |
| title | Tuberculosis Immunoreactivity Surveillance in Malawi (Timasamala)-A protocol for a cross-sectional Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey in Blantyre, Malawi |
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