Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators for protecting against outdoor-biting Aedes aegypti in coastal Tanzania
A low technology emanator device for slowly releasing vapour of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that provides robust protection against night biting Anopheles and Culex vectors of malaria and filariasis for several months. Here these same emanator devices wer...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0299722 |
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| creator | Govella, Nicodem J Assenga, Alphonce Mlwale, Amos T Mirzai, Nosrat Heffernan, Eimear Moriarty, Jennie Wenger, John Corbel, Vincent McBeath, Justin Ogoma, Sheila B Killeen, Gerry F |
| description | A low technology emanator device for slowly releasing vapour of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that provides robust protection against night biting Anopheles and Culex vectors of malaria and filariasis for several months. Here these same emanator devices were assessed in Dar es Salaam city, as a means of protection against outdoor-biting Aedes (Stegomia) aegypti, the most important vector of human arboviruses worldwide, in parallel with similar studies in Haiti and Brazil.
A series of entomological experiments were conducted under field and semi-field conditions, to evaluate whether transfluthrin emanators protect against wild Ae. aegypti, and also compare the transfluthrin responsiveness of Ae. aegypti originating from wild-caught eggs to established pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae colonies. Preliminary measurements of transfluthrin vapour concentration in air samples collected near treated emanators were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Two full field experiments with four different emanator designs and three different transfluthrin formulations consistently indicated negligible reduction of human landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti. Under semi-field conditions in large cages, 50 to 60% reductions of landing rates were observed, regardless of which transfluthrin dose, capture method, emanator placement position, or source of mosquitoes (mildly pyrethroid resistant wild caught Ae. aegypti or pyrethroid-susceptible colonies of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae) was used. Air samples collected immediately downwind from an emanator treated with the highest transfluthrin dose (15g), contained 12 to 19 μg/m3 transfluthrin vapour.
It appears unlikely that the moderate levels of pyrethroid resistance observed in wild Ae. aegypti can explain the modest-to-undetectable levels of protection exhibited. While potential inhalation exposure could be of concern for the highest (15g) dose evaluated, 3g of transfluthrin appears sufficient to achieve the modest levels of protection that were demonstrated entomologically. While the generally low levels of protection against Aedes reported here from Tanzania, and from similar entomological studies in Haiti and Brazil, are discouraging, complementary social science studies in Haiti and Brazil suggest end-users perceive valuable levels of protection against mosquitoes. It therefore remains unclear whether transfluthrin emanators have potential for pro |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0299722 |
| format | Article |
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A series of entomological experiments were conducted under field and semi-field conditions, to evaluate whether transfluthrin emanators protect against wild Ae. aegypti, and also compare the transfluthrin responsiveness of Ae. aegypti originating from wild-caught eggs to established pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae colonies. Preliminary measurements of transfluthrin vapour concentration in air samples collected near treated emanators were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Two full field experiments with four different emanator designs and three different transfluthrin formulations consistently indicated negligible reduction of human landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti. Under semi-field conditions in large cages, 50 to 60% reductions of landing rates were observed, regardless of which transfluthrin dose, capture method, emanator placement position, or source of mosquitoes (mildly pyrethroid resistant wild caught Ae. aegypti or pyrethroid-susceptible colonies of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae) was used. Air samples collected immediately downwind from an emanator treated with the highest transfluthrin dose (15g), contained 12 to 19 μg/m3 transfluthrin vapour.
It appears unlikely that the moderate levels of pyrethroid resistance observed in wild Ae. aegypti can explain the modest-to-undetectable levels of protection exhibited. While potential inhalation exposure could be of concern for the highest (15g) dose evaluated, 3g of transfluthrin appears sufficient to achieve the modest levels of protection that were demonstrated entomologically. While the generally low levels of protection against Aedes reported here from Tanzania, and from similar entomological studies in Haiti and Brazil, are discouraging, complementary social science studies in Haiti and Brazil suggest end-users perceive valuable levels of protection against mosquitoes. It therefore remains unclear whether transfluthrin emanators have potential for protecting against Aedes vectors of important human arboviruses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299722</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38809841</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aedes ; Aedes - drug effects ; Aedes aegypti ; Air sampling ; Analysis ; Animals ; Anopheles ; Anopheles - drug effects ; Anopheles gambiae ; Aquatic insects ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biting ; Culicidae ; Cyclopropanes - pharmacology ; Dengue fever ; Emission ; Engineering and Technology ; Epidemics ; Evaluation ; Experiments ; Field tests ; Filariasis ; Fluorobenzenes ; Gas chromatography ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Insect Bites and Stings - prevention & control ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Landing ; Malaria ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mosquito Control - methods ; Mosquito Vectors - drug effects ; Mosquitoes ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Public health ; Pyrethrins ; Pyrethroids ; Respiration ; Social sciences ; Tanzania ; Textile fabrics ; Tropical diseases ; Vapors ; Vector-borne diseases ; Vectors ; Zika virus</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0299722</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Govella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Govella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Govella et al 2024 Govella et al</rights><rights>2024 Govella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-11b3f6148f723797efea367eabb44789a6fea12579f5543cd01799dd74b838793</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8583-8739</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135681/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135681/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38809841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Aboelhadid, Shawky M.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Govella, Nicodem J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assenga, Alphonce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mlwale, Amos T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirzai, Nosrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heffernan, Eimear</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriarty, Jennie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wenger, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corbel, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McBeath, Justin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogoma, Sheila B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Killeen, Gerry F</creatorcontrib><title>Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators for protecting against outdoor-biting Aedes aegypti in coastal Tanzania</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>A low technology emanator device for slowly releasing vapour of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that provides robust protection against night biting Anopheles and Culex vectors of malaria and filariasis for several months. Here these same emanator devices were assessed in Dar es Salaam city, as a means of protection against outdoor-biting Aedes (Stegomia) aegypti, the most important vector of human arboviruses worldwide, in parallel with similar studies in Haiti and Brazil.
A series of entomological experiments were conducted under field and semi-field conditions, to evaluate whether transfluthrin emanators protect against wild Ae. aegypti, and also compare the transfluthrin responsiveness of Ae. aegypti originating from wild-caught eggs to established pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae colonies. Preliminary measurements of transfluthrin vapour concentration in air samples collected near treated emanators were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Two full field experiments with four different emanator designs and three different transfluthrin formulations consistently indicated negligible reduction of human landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti. Under semi-field conditions in large cages, 50 to 60% reductions of landing rates were observed, regardless of which transfluthrin dose, capture method, emanator placement position, or source of mosquitoes (mildly pyrethroid resistant wild caught Ae. aegypti or pyrethroid-susceptible colonies of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae) was used. Air samples collected immediately downwind from an emanator treated with the highest transfluthrin dose (15g), contained 12 to 19 μg/m3 transfluthrin vapour.
It appears unlikely that the moderate levels of pyrethroid resistance observed in wild Ae. aegypti can explain the modest-to-undetectable levels of protection exhibited. While potential inhalation exposure could be of concern for the highest (15g) dose evaluated, 3g of transfluthrin appears sufficient to achieve the modest levels of protection that were demonstrated entomologically. While the generally low levels of protection against Aedes reported here from Tanzania, and from similar entomological studies in Haiti and Brazil, are discouraging, complementary social science studies in Haiti and Brazil suggest end-users perceive valuable levels of protection against mosquitoes. It therefore remains unclear whether transfluthrin emanators have potential for protecting against Aedes vectors of important human arboviruses.</description><subject>Aedes</subject><subject>Aedes - drug effects</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Air sampling</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anopheles</subject><subject>Anopheles - drug effects</subject><subject>Anopheles gambiae</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biting</subject><subject>Culicidae</subject><subject>Cyclopropanes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dengue fever</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Field tests</subject><subject>Filariasis</subject><subject>Fluorobenzenes</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Insect Bites and Stings - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Govella, Nicodem J</au><au>Assenga, Alphonce</au><au>Mlwale, Amos T</au><au>Mirzai, Nosrat</au><au>Heffernan, Eimear</au><au>Moriarty, Jennie</au><au>Wenger, John</au><au>Corbel, Vincent</au><au>McBeath, Justin</au><au>Ogoma, Sheila B</au><au>Killeen, Gerry F</au><au>Aboelhadid, Shawky M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators for protecting against outdoor-biting Aedes aegypti in coastal Tanzania</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-05-29</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0299722</spage><pages>e0299722-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>A low technology emanator device for slowly releasing vapour of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that provides robust protection against night biting Anopheles and Culex vectors of malaria and filariasis for several months. Here these same emanator devices were assessed in Dar es Salaam city, as a means of protection against outdoor-biting Aedes (Stegomia) aegypti, the most important vector of human arboviruses worldwide, in parallel with similar studies in Haiti and Brazil.
A series of entomological experiments were conducted under field and semi-field conditions, to evaluate whether transfluthrin emanators protect against wild Ae. aegypti, and also compare the transfluthrin responsiveness of Ae. aegypti originating from wild-caught eggs to established pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae colonies. Preliminary measurements of transfluthrin vapour concentration in air samples collected near treated emanators were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Two full field experiments with four different emanator designs and three different transfluthrin formulations consistently indicated negligible reduction of human landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti. Under semi-field conditions in large cages, 50 to 60% reductions of landing rates were observed, regardless of which transfluthrin dose, capture method, emanator placement position, or source of mosquitoes (mildly pyrethroid resistant wild caught Ae. aegypti or pyrethroid-susceptible colonies of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae) was used. Air samples collected immediately downwind from an emanator treated with the highest transfluthrin dose (15g), contained 12 to 19 μg/m3 transfluthrin vapour.
It appears unlikely that the moderate levels of pyrethroid resistance observed in wild Ae. aegypti can explain the modest-to-undetectable levels of protection exhibited. While potential inhalation exposure could be of concern for the highest (15g) dose evaluated, 3g of transfluthrin appears sufficient to achieve the modest levels of protection that were demonstrated entomologically. While the generally low levels of protection against Aedes reported here from Tanzania, and from similar entomological studies in Haiti and Brazil, are discouraging, complementary social science studies in Haiti and Brazil suggest end-users perceive valuable levels of protection against mosquitoes. It therefore remains unclear whether transfluthrin emanators have potential for protecting against Aedes vectors of important human arboviruses.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38809841</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0299722</doi><tpages>e0299722</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8583-8739</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0299722 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069289508 |
| source | MEDLINE; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS)(OpenAccess); PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Aedes Aedes - drug effects Aedes aegypti Air sampling Analysis Animals Anopheles Anopheles - drug effects Anopheles gambiae Aquatic insects Biology and Life Sciences Biting Culicidae Cyclopropanes - pharmacology Dengue fever Emission Engineering and Technology Epidemics Evaluation Experiments Field tests Filariasis Fluorobenzenes Gas chromatography Humans Inhalation Insect Bites and Stings - prevention & control Insecticides Insecticides - pharmacology Landing Malaria Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Medicine and Health Sciences Mosquito Control - methods Mosquito Vectors - drug effects Mosquitoes People and Places Physical Sciences Public health Pyrethrins Pyrethroids Respiration Social sciences Tanzania Textile fabrics Tropical diseases Vapors Vector-borne diseases Vectors Zika virus |
| title | Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators for protecting against outdoor-biting Aedes aegypti in coastal Tanzania |
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