Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 interferon gamma release assay in BNT162b2 vaccinated healthcare workers
To predict protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, cellular immunity seems to be more sensitive than humoral immunity. Through an Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA), we show that, despite a marked decrease in total antibodies, 94.3% of 123 healthcare workers have a positive cellular response 6...
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| creator | Ramos, Angélica Martins, Sandra Marinho, Ana Sofia Norton, Pedro Cardoso, Maria João Guimarães, João Tiago |
| description | To predict protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, cellular immunity seems to be more sensitive than humoral immunity. Through an Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA), we show that, despite a marked decrease in total antibodies, 94.3% of 123 healthcare workers have a positive cellular response 6 months after inoculation with the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite the qualitative relationship found, we did not observe a quantitative correlation between IFN-γ and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2. Using stimulated whole blood from a subset of participants, we confirmed the specific T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 by dosing elevated levels of the IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Through a 20-month follow-up, we found that none of the infected participants had severe COVID-19 and that the first positive cases were only 12 months after the 2nd dose inoculation. Future studies are needed to understand if IGRA-SARS-CoV-2 can be a powerful diagnostic tool to predict future COVID-19 severe disease, guiding vaccination policies. |
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Through an Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA), we show that, despite a marked decrease in total antibodies, 94.3% of 123 healthcare workers have a positive cellular response 6 months after inoculation with the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite the qualitative relationship found, we did not observe a quantitative correlation between IFN-γ and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2. Using stimulated whole blood from a subset of participants, we confirmed the specific T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 by dosing elevated levels of the IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Through a 20-month follow-up, we found that none of the infected participants had severe COVID-19 and that the first positive cases were only 12 months after the 2nd dose inoculation. Future studies are needed to understand if IGRA-SARS-CoV-2 can be a powerful diagnostic tool to predict future COVID-19 severe disease, guiding vaccination policies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303244</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38728294</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Antigens ; Asymptomatic ; B cells ; Biological response modifiers ; Blood platelets ; BNT162 Vaccine - immunology ; Cell-mediated immunity ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; COVID-19 vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology ; Dosage ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health Personnel ; Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Humoral immunity ; Immunity ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin G - immunology ; Infections ; Inoculation ; Interferon ; Interferon gamma ; Interferon-gamma - blood ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Interleukin-10 - blood ; Interleukin-10 - immunology ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Interleukin-6 - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Medical personnel ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Proteins ; Qualitative analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; Serology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; T cells ; Tumor necrosis factor ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Vaccination ; Workers ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0303244-e0303244</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Ramos et al. 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Through an Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA), we show that, despite a marked decrease in total antibodies, 94.3% of 123 healthcare workers have a positive cellular response 6 months after inoculation with the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite the qualitative relationship found, we did not observe a quantitative correlation between IFN-γ and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2. Using stimulated whole blood from a subset of participants, we confirmed the specific T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 by dosing elevated levels of the IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Through a 20-month follow-up, we found that none of the infected participants had severe COVID-19 and that the first positive cases were only 12 months after the 2nd dose inoculation. 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Through an Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA), we show that, despite a marked decrease in total antibodies, 94.3% of 123 healthcare workers have a positive cellular response 6 months after inoculation with the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite the qualitative relationship found, we did not observe a quantitative correlation between IFN-γ and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2. Using stimulated whole blood from a subset of participants, we confirmed the specific T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 by dosing elevated levels of the IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Through a 20-month follow-up, we found that none of the infected participants had severe COVID-19 and that the first positive cases were only 12 months after the 2nd dose inoculation. Future studies are needed to understand if IGRA-SARS-CoV-2 can be a powerful diagnostic tool to predict future COVID-19 severe disease, guiding vaccination policies.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38728294</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0303244</doi><tpages>e0303244</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-314X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-7843</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0303244-e0303244 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069285601 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Analysis Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antigens Asymptomatic B cells Biological response modifiers Blood platelets BNT162 Vaccine - immunology Cell-mediated immunity COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Dosage Female Health aspects Health care Health Personnel Hemoglobin Humans Humoral immunity Immunity Immunity, Cellular Immunoassay Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - immunology Infections Inoculation Interferon Interferon gamma Interferon-gamma - blood Interferon-gamma Release Tests Interleukin-10 - blood Interleukin-10 - immunology Interleukin-6 - blood Interleukin-6 - immunology Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Male Medical personnel Medical research Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Proteins Qualitative analysis SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Serology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 T cells Tumor necrosis factor Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood Tumor necrosis factor-α Vaccination Workers γ-Interferon |
| title | Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 interferon gamma release assay in BNT162b2 vaccinated healthcare workers |
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