Evaluating the effectiveness of applying aroma seals to masks in reducing stress caused by wearing masks: A randomized controlled trial
During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks on patients and healthy people have been recommended to prevent airborne transmission of the virus. This increased the number of people who felt stressed while wearing masks. In this study, we investigated the stress-relieving effects of attaching aroma seals...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2023-11, Vol.18 (11), p.e0294357-e0294357 |
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| creator | Wakui, Nobuyuki Ichikawa, Kotoha Okami, Aika Kagi, Hinako Kawakubo, Shoko Togawa, Chikako Matsuoka, Raini Watanabe, Mai Yamamura, Miho Shirozu, Shunsuke Tsubota, Yuika Yoshizawa, Yukiko Machida, Yoshiaki |
| description | During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks on patients and healthy people have been recommended to prevent airborne transmission of the virus. This increased the number of people who felt stressed while wearing masks. In this study, we investigated the stress-relieving effects of attaching aroma seals to masks. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 62 university students. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and instructed to apply a seal to their masks once a day throughout the study period. The primary measure used was the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), while the secondary measures included the assessment of breathlessness associated with mask-wearing and the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The intervention group, referred to as the aroma-seal use group, utilized aroma seals infused with orange-lime essential oil with the expectation of experiencing the healing effects of citrus. On the other hand, the non-intervention group, known as the placebo-seal use group, utilized identical seals without any aroma. Results indicated that the aroma-seal use group exhibited significant improvements in both the total DASS-21 scores and depression scores compared to their baseline values by the second week of the intervention. Furthermore, the aroma-seal use group demonstrated a reduced occurrence of breathlessness while wearing masks compared to the placebo-seal group. Additionally, when assessing the item "I have felt calm and relaxed" from the WHO-5 questionnaire, the aroma-seal use group displayed significantly higher scores than the placebo group. Therefore, using aroma seals containing orange–lime essential oil could be beneficial in relieving mental stress and reducing breathlessness while wearing a mask, thus improving mental health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0294357 |
| format | Article |
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This increased the number of people who felt stressed while wearing masks. In this study, we investigated the stress-relieving effects of attaching aroma seals to masks. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 62 university students. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and instructed to apply a seal to their masks once a day throughout the study period. The primary measure used was the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), while the secondary measures included the assessment of breathlessness associated with mask-wearing and the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The intervention group, referred to as the aroma-seal use group, utilized aroma seals infused with orange-lime essential oil with the expectation of experiencing the healing effects of citrus. On the other hand, the non-intervention group, known as the placebo-seal use group, utilized identical seals without any aroma. Results indicated that the aroma-seal use group exhibited significant improvements in both the total DASS-21 scores and depression scores compared to their baseline values by the second week of the intervention. Furthermore, the aroma-seal use group demonstrated a reduced occurrence of breathlessness while wearing masks compared to the placebo-seal group. Additionally, when assessing the item "I have felt calm and relaxed" from the WHO-5 questionnaire, the aroma-seal use group displayed significantly higher scores than the placebo group. Therefore, using aroma seals containing orange–lime essential oil could be beneficial in relieving mental stress and reducing breathlessness while wearing a mask, thus improving mental health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294357</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Anxiety ; Aroma ; Citrus ; Citrus fruits ; Clinical trials ; Colleges & universities ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Epidemics ; Essential oils ; Evaluation ; Japan ; Masks ; Mental depression ; Oils & fats ; Oranges ; Pandemics ; Placebos ; Psychological stress ; Questionnaires ; Stress ; Stress (Psychology) ; Stress management ; Well being ; World health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2023-11, Vol.18 (11), p.e0294357-e0294357</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2023 Wakui et al. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c524t-f12c554f4e7516b6998230b39e9ec5f987b8c8f913dd16c75c0bc3f1883dcb0e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9738-0438</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294357&type=printable$$EPDF$$P50$$Gplos$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294357$$EHTML$$P50$$Gplos$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,79569,79570</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wakui, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ichikawa, Kotoha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okami, Aika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kagi, Hinako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawakubo, Shoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Togawa, Chikako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuoka, Raini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Mai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamura, Miho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shirozu, Shunsuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsubota, Yuika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshizawa, Yukiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machida, Yoshiaki</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating the effectiveness of applying aroma seals to masks in reducing stress caused by wearing masks: A randomized controlled trial</title><title>PloS one</title><description>During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks on patients and healthy people have been recommended to prevent airborne transmission of the virus. This increased the number of people who felt stressed while wearing masks. In this study, we investigated the stress-relieving effects of attaching aroma seals to masks. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 62 university students. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and instructed to apply a seal to their masks once a day throughout the study period. The primary measure used was the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), while the secondary measures included the assessment of breathlessness associated with mask-wearing and the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The intervention group, referred to as the aroma-seal use group, utilized aroma seals infused with orange-lime essential oil with the expectation of experiencing the healing effects of citrus. On the other hand, the non-intervention group, known as the placebo-seal use group, utilized identical seals without any aroma. 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Therefore, using aroma seals containing orange–lime essential oil could be beneficial in relieving mental stress and reducing breathlessness while wearing a mask, thus improving mental health.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Aroma</subject><subject>Citrus</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Masks</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Oranges</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Placebos</subject><subject>Psychological stress</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>Stress management</subject><subject>Well being</subject><subject>World 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effectiveness of applying aroma seals to masks in reducing stress caused by wearing masks: A randomized controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2023-11-16</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0294357</spage><epage>e0294357</epage><pages>e0294357-e0294357</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks on patients and healthy people have been recommended to prevent airborne transmission of the virus. This increased the number of people who felt stressed while wearing masks. In this study, we investigated the stress-relieving effects of attaching aroma seals to masks. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 62 university students. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and instructed to apply a seal to their masks once a day throughout the study period. The primary measure used was the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), while the secondary measures included the assessment of breathlessness associated with mask-wearing and the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The intervention group, referred to as the aroma-seal use group, utilized aroma seals infused with orange-lime essential oil with the expectation of experiencing the healing effects of citrus. On the other hand, the non-intervention group, known as the placebo-seal use group, utilized identical seals without any aroma. Results indicated that the aroma-seal use group exhibited significant improvements in both the total DASS-21 scores and depression scores compared to their baseline values by the second week of the intervention. Furthermore, the aroma-seal use group demonstrated a reduced occurrence of breathlessness while wearing masks compared to the placebo-seal group. Additionally, when assessing the item "I have felt calm and relaxed" from the WHO-5 questionnaire, the aroma-seal use group displayed significantly higher scores than the placebo group. Therefore, using aroma seals containing orange–lime essential oil could be beneficial in relieving mental stress and reducing breathlessness while wearing a mask, thus improving mental health.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0294357</doi><tpages>e0294357</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-0438</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Anxiety Aroma Citrus Citrus fruits Clinical trials Colleges & universities Coronaviruses COVID-19 Epidemics Essential oils Evaluation Japan Masks Mental depression Oils & fats Oranges Pandemics Placebos Psychological stress Questionnaires Stress Stress (Psychology) Stress management Well being World health |
| title | Evaluating the effectiveness of applying aroma seals to masks in reducing stress caused by wearing masks: A randomized controlled trial |
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