Nuclear genetic diversity of head lice sheds light on human dispersal around the world
The human louse, Pediculus humanus, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that has coevolved with humans for millennia. Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2023-11, Vol.18 (11), p.e0293409-e0293409 |
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| creator | Ascunce, Marina S Toloza, Ariel C González-Oliver, Angélica Reed, David L |
| description | The human louse, Pediculus humanus, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that has coevolved with humans for millennia. Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. These findings were supported by novel DIYABC simulations that were built using both host and parasite data to define parameters and models suggesting that admixture between cI and cII was very recent. This pattern could also be the result of a reproductive barrier between these two nuclear genetic clusters. In addition to providing new evolutionary knowledge about this human parasite, our study could guide the development of new analyses in other host-parasite systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0293409 |
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Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. These findings were supported by novel DIYABC simulations that were built using both host and parasite data to define parameters and models suggesting that admixture between cI and cII was very recent. This pattern could also be the result of a reproductive barrier between these two nuclear genetic clusters. In addition to providing new evolutionary knowledge about this human parasite, our study could guide the development of new analyses in other host-parasite systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293409</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Biological diversity ; Clusters ; coevolution ; Dispersal ; Distribution ; DNA sequencing ; Ectoparasites ; Evolution ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic analysis ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic diversity ; genetic variation ; head ; Hominids ; Host-parasite interactions ; Human evolution ; Human remains ; humans ; Lice ; microsatellite repeats ; mitochondria ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nucleotide sequence ; Nucleotide sequencing ; Parasites ; Pedicularis ; Simulation methods</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2023-11, Vol.18 (11), p.e0293409-e0293409</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. 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Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. These findings were supported by novel DIYABC simulations that were built using both host and parasite data to define parameters and models suggesting that admixture between cI and cII was very recent. This pattern could also be the result of a reproductive barrier between these two nuclear genetic clusters. In addition to providing new evolutionary knowledge about this human parasite, our study could guide the development of new analyses in other host-parasite systems.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>Clusters</subject><subject>coevolution</subject><subject>Dispersal</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>Ectoparasites</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>genetic variation</subject><subject>head</subject><subject>Hominids</subject><subject>Host-parasite interactions</subject><subject>Human evolution</subject><subject>Human remains</subject><subject>humans</subject><subject>Lice</subject><subject>microsatellite repeats</subject><subject>mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Nucleotide 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Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. 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| subjects | Analysis Biological diversity Clusters coevolution Dispersal Distribution DNA sequencing Ectoparasites Evolution Gene sequencing Genetic analysis Genetic aspects Genetic diversity genetic variation head Hominids Host-parasite interactions Human evolution Human remains humans Lice microsatellite repeats mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Nucleotide sequence Nucleotide sequencing Parasites Pedicularis Simulation methods |
| title | Nuclear genetic diversity of head lice sheds light on human dispersal around the world |
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