First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan
In Sudan, resistance to benzimidazoles has been reported recently in cattle and goats from South Darfur. Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used t...
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| creator | Mohammedsalih, Khalid M Ibrahim, Abdoelnaim I Y Juma, Fathel-Rahman Abdalmalaik, Abdalhakaim A H Bashar, Ahmed Coles, Gerald von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Krücken, Jürgen |
| description | In Sudan, resistance to benzimidazoles has been reported recently in cattle and goats from South Darfur. Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in sheep and goats naturally infected with GINs in the region of Bulbul (goats: n = 106), Kass (goats: n = 40) and Nyala (Domaia (sheep: n = 47, goats: n = 77) and the University farm (goats: n = 52)), using different treatment plans, and the efficacy was evaluated 12 days after treatment. Ivermectin efficacy was also evaluated in goats experimentally infected using local Haemonchus contortus isolates from Kass and Nyala. Nematodes surviving ivermectin treatment in goats in Bulbul and Nyala were harvested and larvae used to infect worm-free male sheep (n = 6, ≤6 months old). Infected sheep were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin every eight days with increasing doses from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Reduced ivermectin efficacy was identified in sheep and goats in the four study locations. Using a paired statistic, the efficacy of a therapeutic dose in sheep was 75.6% (90% upper credible limit (UCrL): 77.5%), while twice the recommended dose led to a reduction of 92.6% (90% UCrL: 93.3%). In goats, the FECRs of a therapeutic dose were 72.9-95.3% (90% UCrL range: 73.6-95.7%) in Bulbul, Nyala Domaia, Nyala University farm and Kass. Twice the dose recommended for goats in Bulbul revealed a 90% UCrL of 87.6%. All post-treatment faecal cultures contained only Haemonchus spp. larvae. The experimental infection trials in sheep and goats supported our findings from field trials and calculated upper 90% CrL of below 98.9%. For the first time highly ivermectin resistant H. contortus populations have been identified in sheep and goats in Sudan, and resistance was experimentally confirmed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0301554 |
| format | Article |
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Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in sheep and goats naturally infected with GINs in the region of Bulbul (goats: n = 106), Kass (goats: n = 40) and Nyala (Domaia (sheep: n = 47, goats: n = 77) and the University farm (goats: n = 52)), using different treatment plans, and the efficacy was evaluated 12 days after treatment. Ivermectin efficacy was also evaluated in goats experimentally infected using local Haemonchus contortus isolates from Kass and Nyala. Nematodes surviving ivermectin treatment in goats in Bulbul and Nyala were harvested and larvae used to infect worm-free male sheep (n = 6, ≤6 months old). Infected sheep were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin every eight days with increasing doses from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Reduced ivermectin efficacy was identified in sheep and goats in the four study locations. Using a paired statistic, the efficacy of a therapeutic dose in sheep was 75.6% (90% upper credible limit (UCrL): 77.5%), while twice the recommended dose led to a reduction of 92.6% (90% UCrL: 93.3%). In goats, the FECRs of a therapeutic dose were 72.9-95.3% (90% UCrL range: 73.6-95.7%) in Bulbul, Nyala Domaia, Nyala University farm and Kass. Twice the dose recommended for goats in Bulbul revealed a 90% UCrL of 87.6%. All post-treatment faecal cultures contained only Haemonchus spp. larvae. The experimental infection trials in sheep and goats supported our findings from field trials and calculated upper 90% CrL of below 98.9%. For the first time highly ivermectin resistant H. contortus populations have been identified in sheep and goats in Sudan, and resistance was experimentally confirmed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301554</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38861496</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anthelmintics - pharmacology ; Anthelmintics - therapeutic use ; Arthropods ; Benzimidazoles ; Bioavailability ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cattle ; Drug dosages ; Drug Resistance ; Effectiveness ; Eggs ; Experimental infection ; Farms ; Feces - parasitology ; Goat Diseases - drug therapy ; Goat Diseases - parasitology ; Goats ; Goats - parasitology ; Haemonchus - drug effects ; Infections ; Intestinal parasites ; Ivermectin ; Ivermectin - pharmacology ; Ivermectin - therapeutic use ; Larvae ; Liquors ; Livestock ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nematoda ; Nematoda - drug effects ; Nematode Infections - drug therapy ; Nematode Infections - parasitology ; Nematode Infections - veterinary ; Nematodes ; Parasite Egg Count - veterinary ; Pest resistance ; Seasons ; Sheep ; Sheep - parasitology ; Sheep Diseases - drug therapy ; Sheep Diseases - parasitology ; Sudan</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0301554</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Mohammedsalih et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Mohammedsalih et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Mohammedsalih et al 2024 Mohammedsalih et al</rights><rights>2024 Mohammedsalih et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c576t-956f4d523678ac5155769c8839b5ca4ba117aca57377b9440dad97d7b15f493d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2842-8100</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166298/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166298/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38861496$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Arafa, Walid M.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mohammedsalih, Khalid M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Abdoelnaim I Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juma, Fathel-Rahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdalmalaik, Abdalhakaim A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bashar, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coles, Gerald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krücken, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><title>First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In Sudan, resistance to benzimidazoles has been reported recently in cattle and goats from South Darfur. Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in sheep and goats naturally infected with GINs in the region of Bulbul (goats: n = 106), Kass (goats: n = 40) and Nyala (Domaia (sheep: n = 47, goats: n = 77) and the University farm (goats: n = 52)), using different treatment plans, and the efficacy was evaluated 12 days after treatment. Ivermectin efficacy was also evaluated in goats experimentally infected using local Haemonchus contortus isolates from Kass and Nyala. Nematodes surviving ivermectin treatment in goats in Bulbul and Nyala were harvested and larvae used to infect worm-free male sheep (n = 6, ≤6 months old). Infected sheep were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin every eight days with increasing doses from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mohammedsalih, Khalid M</au><au>Ibrahim, Abdoelnaim I Y</au><au>Juma, Fathel-Rahman</au><au>Abdalmalaik, Abdalhakaim A H</au><au>Bashar, Ahmed</au><au>Coles, Gerald</au><au>von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg</au><au>Krücken, Jürgen</au><au>Arafa, Walid M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-06-11</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0301554</spage><pages>e0301554-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In Sudan, resistance to benzimidazoles has been reported recently in cattle and goats from South Darfur. Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in sheep and goats naturally infected with GINs in the region of Bulbul (goats: n = 106), Kass (goats: n = 40) and Nyala (Domaia (sheep: n = 47, goats: n = 77) and the University farm (goats: n = 52)), using different treatment plans, and the efficacy was evaluated 12 days after treatment. Ivermectin efficacy was also evaluated in goats experimentally infected using local Haemonchus contortus isolates from Kass and Nyala. Nematodes surviving ivermectin treatment in goats in Bulbul and Nyala were harvested and larvae used to infect worm-free male sheep (n = 6, ≤6 months old). Infected sheep were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin every eight days with increasing doses from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Reduced ivermectin efficacy was identified in sheep and goats in the four study locations. Using a paired statistic, the efficacy of a therapeutic dose in sheep was 75.6% (90% upper credible limit (UCrL): 77.5%), while twice the recommended dose led to a reduction of 92.6% (90% UCrL: 93.3%). In goats, the FECRs of a therapeutic dose were 72.9-95.3% (90% UCrL range: 73.6-95.7%) in Bulbul, Nyala Domaia, Nyala University farm and Kass. Twice the dose recommended for goats in Bulbul revealed a 90% UCrL of 87.6%. All post-treatment faecal cultures contained only Haemonchus spp. larvae. The experimental infection trials in sheep and goats supported our findings from field trials and calculated upper 90% CrL of below 98.9%. For the first time highly ivermectin resistant H. contortus populations have been identified in sheep and goats in Sudan, and resistance was experimentally confirmed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38861496</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0301554</doi><tpages>e0301554</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-8100</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0301554 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069266039 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Anthelmintics - pharmacology Anthelmintics - therapeutic use Arthropods Benzimidazoles Bioavailability Biology and Life Sciences Cattle Drug dosages Drug Resistance Effectiveness Eggs Experimental infection Farms Feces - parasitology Goat Diseases - drug therapy Goat Diseases - parasitology Goats Goats - parasitology Haemonchus - drug effects Infections Intestinal parasites Ivermectin Ivermectin - pharmacology Ivermectin - therapeutic use Larvae Liquors Livestock Male Medicine and Health Sciences Nematoda Nematoda - drug effects Nematode Infections - drug therapy Nematode Infections - parasitology Nematode Infections - veterinary Nematodes Parasite Egg Count - veterinary Pest resistance Seasons Sheep Sheep - parasitology Sheep Diseases - drug therapy Sheep Diseases - parasitology Sudan |
| title | First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan |
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