Isolation and screening of fungi for enhanced agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis trees
Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. In the present study pre-treatment of Aquilaria sinensis was carried out, and then the dominant fungi were isolated and purified from the surface and electroshock holes of trees. The isolated Tr...
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| description | Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. In the present study pre-treatment of Aquilaria sinensis was carried out, and then the dominant fungi were isolated and purified from the surface and electroshock holes of trees. The isolated Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were then screened for resistance against benzyl acetone and then inoculated into healthy Aquilaria sinensis trees. After six months, the agarwood was collected for analysis. The chemical composition of incense was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and 82 chemical constituents were identified. Agarwood products formed by using Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. consisted of 50.22% and 48.71% ether extracts, respectively, which surpassed the 10% threshold specified by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Similarly, relative aromatic contents in the two agarwood products were 30.1% and 32.86%, while proportions of sesquiterpene constituents were 10.21% and 11.19%, respectively. These two agarwood-specific chemical constituents accounted for a large proportion of the total chemical composition, which showed that the generated agarwood was of good quality. The results of the study revealed that both Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were able to effectively induce agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis trees in 6 months. This study expands the library of fungi that promote the production of agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0304946 |
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In the present study pre-treatment of Aquilaria sinensis was carried out, and then the dominant fungi were isolated and purified from the surface and electroshock holes of trees. The isolated Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were then screened for resistance against benzyl acetone and then inoculated into healthy Aquilaria sinensis trees. After six months, the agarwood was collected for analysis. The chemical composition of incense was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and 82 chemical constituents were identified. Agarwood products formed by using Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. consisted of 50.22% and 48.71% ether extracts, respectively, which surpassed the 10% threshold specified by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Similarly, relative aromatic contents in the two agarwood products were 30.1% and 32.86%, while proportions of sesquiterpene constituents were 10.21% and 11.19%, respectively. These two agarwood-specific chemical constituents accounted for a large proportion of the total chemical composition, which showed that the generated agarwood was of good quality. The results of the study revealed that both Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were able to effectively induce agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis trees in 6 months. This study expands the library of fungi that promote the production of agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304946</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38875289</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acetone ; Aquilaria sinensis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chemical composition ; Chromatography ; Constituents ; Electroconvulsive therapy ; Fungal infections ; Fungi ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Genetic testing ; Incense ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Neurospora ; Physical Sciences ; Resins ; Spectroscopy ; Thymelaeaceae - chemistry ; Thymelaeaceae - microbiology ; Trees ; Trees - microbiology ; Trichoderma ; Trichoderma - isolation & purification ; Trichoderma - metabolism ; Wood - chemistry ; Wood - microbiology ; Wounding</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0304946</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Liu et al 2024 Liu et al</rights><rights>2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c642t-2d02c88c4809a6873831e1ff600f4733a3dee353c5c9e39ca693178018d9b5003</cites><orcidid>0009-0000-6084-764X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178209/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178209/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38875289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Guoying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junang</creatorcontrib><title>Isolation and screening of fungi for enhanced agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis trees</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. In the present study pre-treatment of Aquilaria sinensis was carried out, and then the dominant fungi were isolated and purified from the surface and electroshock holes of trees. The isolated Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were then screened for resistance against benzyl acetone and then inoculated into healthy Aquilaria sinensis trees. After six months, the agarwood was collected for analysis. The chemical composition of incense was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and 82 chemical constituents were identified. Agarwood products formed by using Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. consisted of 50.22% and 48.71% ether extracts, respectively, which surpassed the 10% threshold specified by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Similarly, relative aromatic contents in the two agarwood products were 30.1% and 32.86%, while proportions of sesquiterpene constituents were 10.21% and 11.19%, respectively. These two agarwood-specific chemical constituents accounted for a large proportion of the total chemical composition, which showed that the generated agarwood was of good quality. The results of the study revealed that both Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were able to effectively induce agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis trees in 6 months. This study expands the library of fungi that promote the production of agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees.</description><subject>Acetone</subject><subject>Aquilaria sinensis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Constituents</subject><subject>Electroconvulsive therapy</subject><subject>Fungal infections</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Genetic testing</subject><subject>Incense</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Neurospora</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Resins</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Thymelaeaceae - chemistry</subject><subject>Thymelaeaceae - microbiology</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Trees - microbiology</subject><subject>Trichoderma</subject><subject>Trichoderma - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Trichoderma - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Chuang</au><au>Zhou, Guoying</au><au>Liu, Junang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Isolation and screening of fungi for enhanced agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis trees</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2024-06-14</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0304946</spage><pages>e0304946-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. In the present study pre-treatment of Aquilaria sinensis was carried out, and then the dominant fungi were isolated and purified from the surface and electroshock holes of trees. The isolated Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were then screened for resistance against benzyl acetone and then inoculated into healthy Aquilaria sinensis trees. After six months, the agarwood was collected for analysis. The chemical composition of incense was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and 82 chemical constituents were identified. Agarwood products formed by using Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. consisted of 50.22% and 48.71% ether extracts, respectively, which surpassed the 10% threshold specified by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Similarly, relative aromatic contents in the two agarwood products were 30.1% and 32.86%, while proportions of sesquiterpene constituents were 10.21% and 11.19%, respectively. These two agarwood-specific chemical constituents accounted for a large proportion of the total chemical composition, which showed that the generated agarwood was of good quality. The results of the study revealed that both Trichoderma sp. and Neurospora sp. were able to effectively induce agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis trees in 6 months. This study expands the library of fungi that promote the production of agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38875289</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0304946</doi><tpages>e0304946</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6084-764X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetone Aquilaria sinensis Biology and Life Sciences Chemical composition Chromatography Constituents Electroconvulsive therapy Fungal infections Fungi Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Genetic testing Incense Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Neurospora Physical Sciences Resins Spectroscopy Thymelaeaceae - chemistry Thymelaeaceae - microbiology Trees Trees - microbiology Trichoderma Trichoderma - isolation & purification Trichoderma - metabolism Wood - chemistry Wood - microbiology Wounding |
| title | Isolation and screening of fungi for enhanced agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis trees |
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