Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces
Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting...
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creator | Mil-Homens, Mafalda Aljets, Ethan Paiva, Rodrigo C Machado, Isadora Cezar, Guilherme Osemeke, Onyekachukwu Moraes, Daniel Jayaraman, Swaminathan Brinning, Mckenna Poeta Silva, Ana Paula Tidgren, Lauren Durflinger, Madison Wilhelm, Mallory Flores, Vivian Frenier, Jolie Linhares, Daniel Zhang, Jianqiang Holtkamp, Derald Silva, Gustavo S |
description | Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. |
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The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291181</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38241219</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Animal diseases ; Cardboard ; Diarrhea ; Discount coupons ; Economic impact ; Farms ; Fomites ; Half-life ; High temperature ; Immunofluorescence ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Statistical analysis ; Survivability ; Swine ; Temperature ; Titration ; Transmissible gastroenteritis ; Variance analysis ; Viral diseases ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.e0291181-e0291181</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Mil-Homens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>2024 Mil-Homens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Mil-Homens et al. 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In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Cardboard</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Discount coupons</subject><subject>Economic impact</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Fomites</subject><subject>Half-life</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Survivability</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Titration</subject><subject>Transmissible gastroenteritis</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Viral 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One</addtitle><date>2024-01-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0291181</spage><epage>e0291181</epage><pages>e0291181-e0291181</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>38241219</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0291181</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-5014</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-3482</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3554-457X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-8803</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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language | eng |
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source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Aluminum Animal diseases Cardboard Diarrhea Discount coupons Economic impact Farms Fomites Half-life High temperature Immunofluorescence Monoclonal antibodies Regression analysis Regression models Statistical analysis Survivability Swine Temperature Titration Transmissible gastroenteritis Variance analysis Viral diseases Viruses |
title | Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces |
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