Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages
Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS pathogens 2023-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e1011691-e1011691 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | e1011691 |
---|---|
container_issue | 10 |
container_start_page | e1011691 |
container_title | PLoS pathogens |
container_volume | 19 |
creator | Zarek, Christina M Dende, Chaitanya Coronado, Jaime Pendse, Mihir Dryden, Phillip Hooper, Lora V Reese, Tiffany A |
description | Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011691 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_3069180203</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A772022424</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_8403804643514487aaa28dd2d3a64bdb</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A772022424</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-b5060f49b0950e40c7e980abe537df9422fdcfa0f5e6ea90a936b092146fee613</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqVkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBE4gKHXfyV2DmhquJjpQoQH2drkkwSV0mc2s5q-fd4u2nVRb0gH2yPn3lHM36T5CUla8olfX9lZzdCv54mCGtKKM0L-ig5pVnGV5JL8fje-SR55v0VIYJymj9NTrhUQuZSnia77w5xZ3wwY5t22A9mDF1addD3OLaY4g4qdCUE9KkZG6yCsWMKY506hHjZwk3ANmkLwwAdugn91rh5j6fBeD9jRL2pcQzpAJWzUwct-ufJkwZ6jy-W_Sz5_enjr4svq8tvnzcX55erKs9ZWJUZyUkjipIUGUFBKomFIlBixmXdFIKxpq4aIE2GOUJBoOB5ZBkVeYOYU36WvD7oTr31ehma15zEcSnCCI_E5kDUFq705MwA7o-2YPRNwLpWgwum6lErQbgiIhc8o0IoCQBM1TWrOeSirMuo9WGpNpcD1lVs2kF_JHr8MppOt3arKckUFQWJCm8XBWevZ_RBD8ZX2Pcwop29ZkoqSZnKVETf_IM-3N5CtRA7iH9oY-FqL6rPpWSEMcFEpNYPUHHVOJjKjtiYGD9KeHeUEJmAu9DC7L3e_PzxH-zXY1Yc2OgU7x02d8OjRO-Nf9uk3htfL8aPaa_uD_4u6dbp_C_pBgC7</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3069180203</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><creator>Zarek, Christina M ; Dende, Chaitanya ; Coronado, Jaime ; Pendse, Mihir ; Dryden, Phillip ; Hooper, Lora V ; Reese, Tiffany A</creator><creatorcontrib>Zarek, Christina M ; Dende, Chaitanya ; Coronado, Jaime ; Pendse, Mihir ; Dryden, Phillip ; Hooper, Lora V ; Reese, Tiffany A</creatorcontrib><description>Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7374</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7366</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-7374</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011691</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37847677</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; B cells ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; Coinfection ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis ; Dosage and administration ; Experiments ; Gammaherpesvirinae - physiology ; Gene expression ; Health aspects ; Helminths ; Herpes viruses ; Herpesviridae Infections - complications ; Humans ; Immune response ; Infections ; Intestinal parasites ; Latency ; Latent Infection ; Macrophages ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Parasites ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pathogens ; Physical sciences ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Retinene ; Spleen ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency - physiology ; Vitamin A</subject><ispartof>PLoS pathogens, 2023-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e1011691-e1011691</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Zarek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2023 Zarek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 Zarek et al 2023 Zarek et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-b5060f49b0950e40c7e980abe537df9422fdcfa0f5e6ea90a936b092146fee613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-b5060f49b0950e40c7e980abe537df9422fdcfa0f5e6ea90a936b092146fee613</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6211-5132 ; 0000-0003-2325-6546</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581490/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581490/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37847677$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zarek, Christina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dende, Chaitanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coronado, Jaime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pendse, Mihir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dryden, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, Lora V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reese, Tiffany A</creatorcontrib><title>Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages</title><title>PLoS pathogens</title><addtitle>PLoS Pathog</addtitle><description>Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>B-Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Coinfection</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Gammaherpesvirinae - physiology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Helminths</subject><subject>Herpes viruses</subject><subject>Herpesviridae Infections - complications</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intestinal parasites</subject><subject>Latency</subject><subject>Latent Infection</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic Diseases</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physical sciences</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Retinene</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Virus Activation</subject><subject>Virus Latency - physiology</subject><subject>Vitamin A</subject><issn>1553-7374</issn><issn>1553-7366</issn><issn>1553-7374</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBE4gKHXfyV2DmhquJjpQoQH2drkkwSV0mc2s5q-fd4u2nVRb0gH2yPn3lHM36T5CUla8olfX9lZzdCv54mCGtKKM0L-ig5pVnGV5JL8fje-SR55v0VIYJymj9NTrhUQuZSnia77w5xZ3wwY5t22A9mDF1addD3OLaY4g4qdCUE9KkZG6yCsWMKY506hHjZwk3ANmkLwwAdugn91rh5j6fBeD9jRL2pcQzpAJWzUwct-ufJkwZ6jy-W_Sz5_enjr4svq8tvnzcX55erKs9ZWJUZyUkjipIUGUFBKomFIlBixmXdFIKxpq4aIE2GOUJBoOB5ZBkVeYOYU36WvD7oTr31ehma15zEcSnCCI_E5kDUFq705MwA7o-2YPRNwLpWgwum6lErQbgiIhc8o0IoCQBM1TWrOeSirMuo9WGpNpcD1lVs2kF_JHr8MppOt3arKckUFQWJCm8XBWevZ_RBD8ZX2Pcwop29ZkoqSZnKVETf_IM-3N5CtRA7iH9oY-FqL6rPpWSEMcFEpNYPUHHVOJjKjtiYGD9KeHeUEJmAu9DC7L3e_PzxH-zXY1Yc2OgU7x02d8OjRO-Nf9uk3htfL8aPaa_uD_4u6dbp_C_pBgC7</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Zarek, Christina M</creator><creator>Dende, Chaitanya</creator><creator>Coronado, Jaime</creator><creator>Pendse, Mihir</creator><creator>Dryden, Phillip</creator><creator>Hooper, Lora V</creator><creator>Reese, Tiffany A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-5132</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-6546</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages</title><author>Zarek, Christina M ; Dende, Chaitanya ; Coronado, Jaime ; Pendse, Mihir ; Dryden, Phillip ; Hooper, Lora V ; Reese, Tiffany A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-b5060f49b0950e40c7e980abe537df9422fdcfa0f5e6ea90a936b092146fee613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>B-Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Coinfection</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Gammaherpesvirinae - physiology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Helminths</topic><topic>Herpes viruses</topic><topic>Herpesviridae Infections - complications</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Intestinal parasites</topic><topic>Latency</topic><topic>Latent Infection</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitic Diseases</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physical sciences</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Retinene</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Virus Activation</topic><topic>Virus Latency - physiology</topic><topic>Vitamin A</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zarek, Christina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dende, Chaitanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coronado, Jaime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pendse, Mihir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dryden, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, Lora V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reese, Tiffany A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS pathogens</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zarek, Christina M</au><au>Dende, Chaitanya</au><au>Coronado, Jaime</au><au>Pendse, Mihir</au><au>Dryden, Phillip</au><au>Hooper, Lora V</au><au>Reese, Tiffany A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages</atitle><jtitle>PLoS pathogens</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Pathog</addtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e1011691</spage><epage>e1011691</epage><pages>e1011691-e1011691</pages><issn>1553-7374</issn><issn>1553-7366</issn><eissn>1553-7374</eissn><abstract>Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>37847677</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.ppat.1011691</doi><tpages>e1011691</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-5132</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-6546</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1553-7374 |
ispartof | PLoS pathogens, 2023-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e1011691-e1011691 |
issn | 1553-7374 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069180203 |
source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
subjects | Analysis Animals B cells B-Lymphocytes Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Coinfection Comorbidity Diagnosis Dosage and administration Experiments Gammaherpesvirinae - physiology Gene expression Health aspects Helminths Herpes viruses Herpesviridae Infections - complications Humans Immune response Infections Intestinal parasites Latency Latent Infection Macrophages Medicine and Health Sciences Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Parasites Parasitic Diseases Pathogens Physical sciences Research and Analysis Methods Retinene Spleen Virus Activation Virus Latency - physiology Vitamin A |
title | Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T14%3A51%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Preexisting%20helminth%20challenge%20exacerbates%20infection%20and%20reactivation%20of%20gammaherpesvirus%20in%20tissue%20resident%20macrophages&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20pathogens&rft.au=Zarek,%20Christina%20M&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e1011691&rft.epage=e1011691&rft.pages=e1011691-e1011691&rft.issn=1553-7374&rft.eissn=1553-7374&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011691&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA772022424%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3069180203&rft_id=info:pmid/37847677&rft_galeid=A772022424&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_8403804643514487aaa28dd2d3a64bdb&rfr_iscdi=true |