Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages

Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice...

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Veröffentlicht in:PLoS pathogens 2023-10, Vol.19 (10), p.e1011691-e1011691
Hauptverfasser: Zarek, Christina M, Dende, Chaitanya, Coronado, Jaime, Pendse, Mihir, Dryden, Phillip, Hooper, Lora V, Reese, Tiffany A
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container_title PLoS pathogens
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creator Zarek, Christina M
Dende, Chaitanya
Coronado, Jaime
Pendse, Mihir
Dryden, Phillip
Hooper, Lora V
Reese, Tiffany A
description Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection.
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subjects Analysis
Animals
B cells
B-Lymphocytes
Biology and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Coinfection
Comorbidity
Diagnosis
Dosage and administration
Experiments
Gammaherpesvirinae - physiology
Gene expression
Health aspects
Helminths
Herpes viruses
Herpesviridae Infections - complications
Humans
Immune response
Infections
Intestinal parasites
Latency
Latent Infection
Macrophages
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Parasites
Parasitic Diseases
Pathogens
Physical sciences
Research and Analysis Methods
Retinene
Spleen
Virus Activation
Virus Latency - physiology
Vitamin A
title Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages
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