The multi-dimensional challenges of controlling respiratory virus transmission in indoor spaces: Insights from the linkage of a microscopic pedestrian simulation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission model
SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor spaces, where most infection events occur, depends on the types and duration of human interactions, among others. Understanding how these human behaviours interface with virus characteristics to drive pathogen transmission and dictate the outcomes of non-pharmaceuti...
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| creator | Atamer Balkan, Büsra Chang, You Sparnaaij, Martijn Wouda, Berend Boschma, Doris Liu, Yangfan Yuan, Yufei Daamen, Winnie de Jong, Mart C M Teberg, Colin Schachtschneider, Kevin Sikkema, Reina S van Veen, Linda Duives, Dorine Ten Bosch, Quirine A |
| description | SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor spaces, where most infection events occur, depends on the types and duration of human interactions, among others. Understanding how these human behaviours interface with virus characteristics to drive pathogen transmission and dictate the outcomes of non-pharmaceutical interventions is important for the informed and safe use of indoor spaces. To better understand these complex interactions, we developed the Pedestrian Dynamics-Virus Spread model (PeDViS), an individual-based model that combines pedestrian behaviour models with virus spread models incorporating direct and indirect transmission routes. We explored the relationships between virus exposure and the duration, distance, respiratory behaviour, and environment in which interactions between infected and uninfected individuals took place and compared this to benchmark 'at risk' interactions (1.5 metres for 15 minutes). When considering aerosol transmission, individuals adhering to distancing measures may be at risk due to the buildup of airborne virus in the environment when infected individuals spend prolonged time indoors. In our restaurant case, guests seated at tables near infected individuals were at limited risk of infection but could, particularly in poorly ventilated places, experience risks that surpass that of benchmark interactions. Combining interventions that target different transmission routes can aid in accumulating impact, for instance by combining ventilation with face masks. The impact of such combined interventions depends on the relative importance of transmission routes, which is hard to disentangle and highly context dependent. This uncertainty should be considered when assessing transmission risks upon different types of human interactions in indoor spaces. We illustrated the multi-dimensionality of indoor SARS-CoV-2 transmission that emerges from the interplay of human behaviour and the spread of respiratory viruses. A modelling strategy that incorporates this in risk assessments can help inform policy makers and citizens on the safe use of indoor spaces with varying inter-human interactions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011956 |
| format | Article |
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Understanding how these human behaviours interface with virus characteristics to drive pathogen transmission and dictate the outcomes of non-pharmaceutical interventions is important for the informed and safe use of indoor spaces. To better understand these complex interactions, we developed the Pedestrian Dynamics-Virus Spread model (PeDViS), an individual-based model that combines pedestrian behaviour models with virus spread models incorporating direct and indirect transmission routes. We explored the relationships between virus exposure and the duration, distance, respiratory behaviour, and environment in which interactions between infected and uninfected individuals took place and compared this to benchmark 'at risk' interactions (1.5 metres for 15 minutes). When considering aerosol transmission, individuals adhering to distancing measures may be at risk due to the buildup of airborne virus in the environment when infected individuals spend prolonged time indoors. In our restaurant case, guests seated at tables near infected individuals were at limited risk of infection but could, particularly in poorly ventilated places, experience risks that surpass that of benchmark interactions. Combining interventions that target different transmission routes can aid in accumulating impact, for instance by combining ventilation with face masks. The impact of such combined interventions depends on the relative importance of transmission routes, which is hard to disentangle and highly context dependent. This uncertainty should be considered when assessing transmission risks upon different types of human interactions in indoor spaces. We illustrated the multi-dimensionality of indoor SARS-CoV-2 transmission that emerges from the interplay of human behaviour and the spread of respiratory viruses. A modelling strategy that incorporates this in risk assessments can help inform policy makers and citizens on the safe use of indoor spaces with varying inter-human interactions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7358</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1553-734X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-7358</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011956</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38547311</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Behavior ; Benchmarks ; Biology and life sciences ; Control ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Disease transmission ; Environmental aspects ; Epidemiology ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Human behavior ; Humans ; Indoor air quality ; Indoor environments ; Infections ; Mathematical models ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Pandemics ; Pathogens ; Pedestrians ; Physical Sciences ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ; Risk assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Simulation ; Ventilation ; Viral diseases ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PLoS computational biology, 2024-03, Vol.20 (3), p.e1011956-e1011956</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Atamer Balkan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2024 Atamer Balkan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 Atamer Balkan et al 2024 Atamer Balkan et al</rights><rights>2024 Atamer Balkan et al. 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In our restaurant case, guests seated at tables near infected individuals were at limited risk of infection but could, particularly in poorly ventilated places, experience risks that surpass that of benchmark interactions. Combining interventions that target different transmission routes can aid in accumulating impact, for instance by combining ventilation with face masks. The impact of such combined interventions depends on the relative importance of transmission routes, which is hard to disentangle and highly context dependent. This uncertainty should be considered when assessing transmission risks upon different types of human interactions in indoor spaces. We illustrated the multi-dimensionality of indoor SARS-CoV-2 transmission that emerges from the interplay of human behaviour and the spread of respiratory viruses. 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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_3069179401 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Behavior Benchmarks Biology and life sciences Control COVID-19 COVID-19 - prevention & control Disease transmission Environmental aspects Epidemiology Health aspects Health risks Human behavior Humans Indoor air quality Indoor environments Infections Mathematical models Medicine and Health Sciences Pandemics Pathogens Pedestrians Physical Sciences Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets Risk assessment SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Simulation Ventilation Viral diseases Viruses |
| title | The multi-dimensional challenges of controlling respiratory virus transmission in indoor spaces: Insights from the linkage of a microscopic pedestrian simulation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission model |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-30T16%3A13%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20multi-dimensional%20challenges%20of%20controlling%20respiratory%20virus%20transmission%20in%20indoor%20spaces:%20Insights%20from%20the%20linkage%20of%20a%20microscopic%20pedestrian%20simulation%20and%20SARS-CoV-2%20transmission%20model&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20computational%20biology&rft.au=Atamer%20Balkan,%20B%C3%BCsra&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e1011956&rft.epage=e1011956&rft.pages=e1011956-e1011956&rft.issn=1553-7358&rft.eissn=1553-7358&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011956&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA788368194%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3069179401&rft_id=info:pmid/38547311&rft_galeid=A788368194&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_5c95fffa2f3544b182409bea8904d18f&rfr_iscdi=true |