Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period
Background Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective. Methods The GA...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2023-09, Vol.18 (9), p.e0291206 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | e0291206 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 18 |
| creator | Hinz, Andreas Esser, Peter Friedrich, Michael Glaesmer, Heide Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja Schroeter, Matthias L Petrowski, Katja Toussaint, Anne |
| description | Background Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective. Methods The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years. Results During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48). Conclusion The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0291206 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2864136877</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A764984237</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_cb40ce3c7abb46e0b7d488412dc6832b</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A764984237</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-d9e2442f43566a72c7e23788e2cd4838e34cd328e67fa11ff7ef4fc027dae1f93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkluL1DAUx4so7rr6DQQLgujDjLlNkj4ty-BlYGHB22tI05NOlk5Sk3aZ-fZmnCpb2QfJQ8LJ7_zPhX9RvMRoianA72_DGL3uln3wsESkwgTxR8U5rihZcILo43vvs-JZSrcIrajk_GlxRgWvKsTQebFeb7VvIZXOl9rvHQyH43PYQtmCh6i7sg_92OnBBV-GO4ilLpPbLw6gY9lDdKF5XjyxukvwYroviu8fP3xbf15c33zarK-uF4bjalg0FRDGiGV0xbkWxAggVEgJxDRMUgmUmYYSCVxYjbG1AiyzBhHRaMC2ohfFq5Nu34WkpvmTIpIzTLkUIhObE9EEfav66HY6HlTQTv0OhNgqHQdnOlCmZsgANULXNeOAapGbkAyTxnBJSZ21LqdqY72DxoAf8jZmovMf77aqDXcKI1YJzFhWeDspxPBzhDSonUsGuk57COOpcY6lXOGMvv4HfXi8iWp1nsB5G3JhcxRVV4KzSrK80EwtH6DyaWDnTHaLdTk-S3g3S8jMAPuh1WNKavP1y_-zNz_m7Jt77BZ0N2xT6MajldIcZCfQxJBSBPt3yxipo9n_bEMdza4ms9Nfjh3vDg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2864136877</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Hinz, Andreas ; Esser, Peter ; Friedrich, Michael ; Glaesmer, Heide ; Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja ; Schroeter, Matthias L ; Petrowski, Katja ; Toussaint, Anne</creator><contributor>Islam, Md. Saiful</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hinz, Andreas ; Esser, Peter ; Friedrich, Michael ; Glaesmer, Heide ; Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja ; Schroeter, Matthias L ; Petrowski, Katja ; Toussaint, Anne ; Islam, Md. Saiful</creatorcontrib><description>Background Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective. Methods The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years. Results During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48). Conclusion The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291206</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37699040</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Age differences ; Analysis ; Anxiety ; Anxiety disorders ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cross-sectional studies ; Development and progression ; Gender ; Longitudinal method ; Longitudinal studies ; Measuring instruments ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental health ; Mental health surveys ; People and Places ; Quality of life ; Quantitative psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk factors ; Social Sciences ; Social support ; Sociodemographics ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2023-09, Vol.18 (9), p.e0291206</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2023 Hinz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Hinz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>2023 Hinz et al 2023 Hinz et al</rights><rights>2023 Hinz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-d9e2442f43566a72c7e23788e2cd4838e34cd328e67fa11ff7ef4fc027dae1f93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0528-1564 ; 0000-0002-6986-8145</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497144/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497144/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23870,27928,27929,53795,53797</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Islam, Md. Saiful</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hinz, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esser, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedrich, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaesmer, Heide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroeter, Matthias L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrowski, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toussaint, Anne</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Background Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective. Methods The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years. Results During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48). Conclusion The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age differences</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cross-sectional studies</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Longitudinal method</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Measuring instruments</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental health surveys</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Quality of life</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Social support</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluL1DAUx4so7rr6DQQLgujDjLlNkj4ty-BlYGHB22tI05NOlk5Sk3aZ-fZmnCpb2QfJQ8LJ7_zPhX9RvMRoianA72_DGL3uln3wsESkwgTxR8U5rihZcILo43vvs-JZSrcIrajk_GlxRgWvKsTQebFeb7VvIZXOl9rvHQyH43PYQtmCh6i7sg_92OnBBV-GO4ilLpPbLw6gY9lDdKF5XjyxukvwYroviu8fP3xbf15c33zarK-uF4bjalg0FRDGiGV0xbkWxAggVEgJxDRMUgmUmYYSCVxYjbG1AiyzBhHRaMC2ohfFq5Nu34WkpvmTIpIzTLkUIhObE9EEfav66HY6HlTQTv0OhNgqHQdnOlCmZsgANULXNeOAapGbkAyTxnBJSZ21LqdqY72DxoAf8jZmovMf77aqDXcKI1YJzFhWeDspxPBzhDSonUsGuk57COOpcY6lXOGMvv4HfXi8iWp1nsB5G3JhcxRVV4KzSrK80EwtH6DyaWDnTHaLdTk-S3g3S8jMAPuh1WNKavP1y_-zNz_m7Jt77BZ0N2xT6MajldIcZCfQxJBSBPt3yxipo9n_bEMdza4ms9Nfjh3vDg</recordid><startdate>20230912</startdate><enddate>20230912</enddate><creator>Hinz, Andreas</creator><creator>Esser, Peter</creator><creator>Friedrich, Michael</creator><creator>Glaesmer, Heide</creator><creator>Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja</creator><creator>Schroeter, Matthias L</creator><creator>Petrowski, Katja</creator><creator>Toussaint, Anne</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-1564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-8145</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230912</creationdate><title>Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period</title><author>Hinz, Andreas ; Esser, Peter ; Friedrich, Michael ; Glaesmer, Heide ; Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja ; Schroeter, Matthias L ; Petrowski, Katja ; Toussaint, Anne</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-d9e2442f43566a72c7e23788e2cd4838e34cd328e67fa11ff7ef4fc027dae1f93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age differences</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety disorders</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cross-sectional studies</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Longitudinal method</topic><topic>Longitudinal studies</topic><topic>Measuring instruments</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mental health surveys</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Quality of life</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Social support</topic><topic>Sociodemographics</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hinz, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esser, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedrich, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaesmer, Heide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroeter, Matthias L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrowski, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toussaint, Anne</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hinz, Andreas</au><au>Esser, Peter</au><au>Friedrich, Michael</au><au>Glaesmer, Heide</au><au>Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja</au><au>Schroeter, Matthias L</au><au>Petrowski, Katja</au><au>Toussaint, Anne</au><au>Islam, Md. Saiful</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2023-09-12</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0291206</spage><pages>e0291206-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Background Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective. Methods The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years. Results During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48). Conclusion The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>37699040</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0291206</doi><tpages>e0291206</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-1564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-8145</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2023-09, Vol.18 (9), p.e0291206 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2864136877 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Age Age differences Analysis Anxiety Anxiety disorders Biology and Life Sciences Cross-sectional studies Development and progression Gender Longitudinal method Longitudinal studies Measuring instruments Medicine and Health Sciences Mental health Mental health surveys People and Places Quality of life Quantitative psychology Questionnaires Risk factors Social Sciences Social support Sociodemographics Socioeconomic factors Statistics |
| title | Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-17T11%3A33%3A16IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Changes%20in%20anxiety%20in%20the%20general%20population%20over%20a%20six-year%20period&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Hinz,%20Andreas&rft.date=2023-09-12&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0291206&rft.pages=e0291206-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0291206&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA764984237%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2864136877&rft_id=info:pmid/37699040&rft_galeid=A764984237&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_cb40ce3c7abb46e0b7d488412dc6832b&rfr_iscdi=true |