Smart contracts software metrics: A first study
Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to autom...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0281043-e0281043 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0281043 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | e0281043 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 18 |
| creator | Tonelli, Roberto Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio Ortu, Marco Destefanis, Giuseppe |
| description | Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to automatically implement the typical conditions of traditional contracts. Programs must satisfy context-dependent constraints which are quite different from traditional software code. In particular, since the bytecode is uploaded in the hosting blockchain, the size, computational resources, interaction between different parts of the program are all limited. This is true even if the specific programming languages implement more or less the same constructs as that of traditional languages: there is not the same freedom as in normal software development. The working hypothesis used in this article is that Smart Contract specific constraints should be captured by specific software metrics (that may differ from traditional software metrics). We tested this hypothesis on 85K Smart Contracts written in Solidity and uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain. We analyzed Smart Contracts from two repositories "Etherscan" and "Smart Corpus" and we computed the statistics of a set of software metrics related to Smart Contracts and compared them to the metrics extracted from more traditional software projects. Our results show that generally, Smart Contract metrics have more restricted ranges than the corresponding metrics in traditional software systems. Some of the stylized facts, like power law in the tail of the distribution of some metrics, are only approximate but the lines of code follow a log-normal distribution which reminds us of the same behaviour already found in traditional software systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0281043 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2800117472</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A745266296</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_6bc366a0b1b7402b8237c33c08f53503</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A745266296</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-bb9c5c4f8cca0213b3142c04f7d06e24bea207e6521a6d43ce38b03d34a7fb023</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkt9v0zAQxyMEYmPwHyCIhITgod3Z59gpL6ia-FFp0iQGvFq247Su0rjYDrD_noRmU4P2gPxg6_y5r_29uyx7TmBOUJDzre9Cq5r53rd2DrQkwPBBdkoWSGecAj48Op9kT2LcAhRYcv44O0HRwwWhp9n59U6FlBvfpqBMinn0dfqlgs13NgVn4rt8mdcuxJTH1FU3T7NHtWqifTbuZ9m3jx--XnyeXV59Wl0sL2eGLzDNtF6YwrC6NEYBJaiRMGqA1aICbinTVlEQlheUKF4xNBZLDVghU6LWQPEse3nQ3Tc-ytFrlLQEIEQwMRCrA1F5tZX74HojN9IrJ_8GfFjL3pkzjZVcG-RcgSZaMKC6pCgMooGyLrAA7LXej691emcrY4dqNBPR6U3rNnLtf0oCsOAIpFd4MyoE_6OzMcmdi8Y2jWqt78aPs1KUvEdf_YPeb2-k1qp34NraDw0aROVSsIJyTheD1vweql-V3bm-qbZ2fXyS8HaSMDTe_k5r1cUoV9df_p-9-j5lXx-xG6uatIm-6ZLzbZyC7ACa4GMMtr6rMgE5DPZtNeQw2HIc7D7txXGH7pJuJxn_ACcp8FA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2800117472</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Smart contracts software metrics: A first study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Tonelli, Roberto ; Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio ; Ortu, Marco ; Destefanis, Giuseppe</creator><contributor>V E, Sathishkumar</contributor><creatorcontrib>Tonelli, Roberto ; Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio ; Ortu, Marco ; Destefanis, Giuseppe ; V E, Sathishkumar</creatorcontrib><description>Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to automatically implement the typical conditions of traditional contracts. Programs must satisfy context-dependent constraints which are quite different from traditional software code. In particular, since the bytecode is uploaded in the hosting blockchain, the size, computational resources, interaction between different parts of the program are all limited. This is true even if the specific programming languages implement more or less the same constructs as that of traditional languages: there is not the same freedom as in normal software development. The working hypothesis used in this article is that Smart Contract specific constraints should be captured by specific software metrics (that may differ from traditional software metrics). We tested this hypothesis on 85K Smart Contracts written in Solidity and uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain. We analyzed Smart Contracts from two repositories "Etherscan" and "Smart Corpus" and we computed the statistics of a set of software metrics related to Smart Contracts and compared them to the metrics extracted from more traditional software projects. Our results show that generally, Smart Contract metrics have more restricted ranges than the corresponding metrics in traditional software systems. Some of the stylized facts, like power law in the tail of the distribution of some metrics, are only approximate but the lines of code follow a log-normal distribution which reminds us of the same behaviour already found in traditional software systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37043512</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Blockchain ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Computer applications ; Computers ; Contracts ; Cryptography ; Engineering and Technology ; Hypotheses ; JavaScript ; Language ; Normal distribution ; Physical Sciences ; Programming Languages ; Science Policy ; Social Sciences ; Software ; Software development ; Technology application</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0281043-e0281043</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Tonelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2023 Tonelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 Tonelli et al 2023 Tonelli et al</rights><rights>2023 Tonelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-bb9c5c4f8cca0213b3142c04f7d06e24bea207e6521a6d43ce38b03d34a7fb023</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-bb9c5c4f8cca0213b3142c04f7d06e24bea207e6521a6d43ce38b03d34a7fb023</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9090-7698 ; 0000-0003-4191-5058 ; 0000-0003-3982-6355</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10096301/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10096301/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37043512$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>V E, Sathishkumar</contributor><creatorcontrib>Tonelli, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortu, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Destefanis, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><title>Smart contracts software metrics: A first study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to automatically implement the typical conditions of traditional contracts. Programs must satisfy context-dependent constraints which are quite different from traditional software code. In particular, since the bytecode is uploaded in the hosting blockchain, the size, computational resources, interaction between different parts of the program are all limited. This is true even if the specific programming languages implement more or less the same constructs as that of traditional languages: there is not the same freedom as in normal software development. The working hypothesis used in this article is that Smart Contract specific constraints should be captured by specific software metrics (that may differ from traditional software metrics). We tested this hypothesis on 85K Smart Contracts written in Solidity and uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain. We analyzed Smart Contracts from two repositories "Etherscan" and "Smart Corpus" and we computed the statistics of a set of software metrics related to Smart Contracts and compared them to the metrics extracted from more traditional software projects. Our results show that generally, Smart Contract metrics have more restricted ranges than the corresponding metrics in traditional software systems. Some of the stylized facts, like power law in the tail of the distribution of some metrics, are only approximate but the lines of code follow a log-normal distribution which reminds us of the same behaviour already found in traditional software systems.</description><subject>Blockchain</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Computer applications</subject><subject>Computers</subject><subject>Contracts</subject><subject>Cryptography</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>JavaScript</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Programming Languages</subject><subject>Science Policy</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Software development</subject><subject>Technology application</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9v0zAQxyMEYmPwHyCIhITgod3Z59gpL6ia-FFp0iQGvFq247Su0rjYDrD_noRmU4P2gPxg6_y5r_29uyx7TmBOUJDzre9Cq5r53rd2DrQkwPBBdkoWSGecAj48Op9kT2LcAhRYcv44O0HRwwWhp9n59U6FlBvfpqBMinn0dfqlgs13NgVn4rt8mdcuxJTH1FU3T7NHtWqifTbuZ9m3jx--XnyeXV59Wl0sL2eGLzDNtF6YwrC6NEYBJaiRMGqA1aICbinTVlEQlheUKF4xNBZLDVghU6LWQPEse3nQ3Tc-ytFrlLQEIEQwMRCrA1F5tZX74HojN9IrJ_8GfFjL3pkzjZVcG-RcgSZaMKC6pCgMooGyLrAA7LXej691emcrY4dqNBPR6U3rNnLtf0oCsOAIpFd4MyoE_6OzMcmdi8Y2jWqt78aPs1KUvEdf_YPeb2-k1qp34NraDw0aROVSsIJyTheD1vweql-V3bm-qbZ2fXyS8HaSMDTe_k5r1cUoV9df_p-9-j5lXx-xG6uatIm-6ZLzbZyC7ACa4GMMtr6rMgE5DPZtNeQw2HIc7D7txXGH7pJuJxn_ACcp8FA</recordid><startdate>20230412</startdate><enddate>20230412</enddate><creator>Tonelli, Roberto</creator><creator>Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio</creator><creator>Ortu, Marco</creator><creator>Destefanis, Giuseppe</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-7698</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4191-5058</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-6355</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230412</creationdate><title>Smart contracts software metrics: A first study</title><author>Tonelli, Roberto ; Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio ; Ortu, Marco ; Destefanis, Giuseppe</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-bb9c5c4f8cca0213b3142c04f7d06e24bea207e6521a6d43ce38b03d34a7fb023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Blockchain</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Computer applications</topic><topic>Computers</topic><topic>Contracts</topic><topic>Cryptography</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>JavaScript</topic><topic>Language</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Programming Languages</topic><topic>Science Policy</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Software development</topic><topic>Technology application</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tonelli, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortu, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Destefanis, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tonelli, Roberto</au><au>Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio</au><au>Ortu, Marco</au><au>Destefanis, Giuseppe</au><au>V E, Sathishkumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Smart contracts software metrics: A first study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2023-04-12</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0281043</spage><epage>e0281043</epage><pages>e0281043-e0281043</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to automatically implement the typical conditions of traditional contracts. Programs must satisfy context-dependent constraints which are quite different from traditional software code. In particular, since the bytecode is uploaded in the hosting blockchain, the size, computational resources, interaction between different parts of the program are all limited. This is true even if the specific programming languages implement more or less the same constructs as that of traditional languages: there is not the same freedom as in normal software development. The working hypothesis used in this article is that Smart Contract specific constraints should be captured by specific software metrics (that may differ from traditional software metrics). We tested this hypothesis on 85K Smart Contracts written in Solidity and uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain. We analyzed Smart Contracts from two repositories "Etherscan" and "Smart Corpus" and we computed the statistics of a set of software metrics related to Smart Contracts and compared them to the metrics extracted from more traditional software projects. Our results show that generally, Smart Contract metrics have more restricted ranges than the corresponding metrics in traditional software systems. Some of the stylized facts, like power law in the tail of the distribution of some metrics, are only approximate but the lines of code follow a log-normal distribution which reminds us of the same behaviour already found in traditional software systems.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>37043512</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0281043</doi><tpages>e0281043</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-7698</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4191-5058</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-6355</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0281043-e0281043 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2800117472 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Blockchain Computer and Information Sciences Computer applications Computers Contracts Cryptography Engineering and Technology Hypotheses JavaScript Language Normal distribution Physical Sciences Programming Languages Science Policy Social Sciences Software Software development Technology application |
| title | Smart contracts software metrics: A first study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T06%3A04%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Smart%20contracts%20software%20metrics:%20A%20first%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Tonelli,%20Roberto&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0281043&rft.epage=e0281043&rft.pages=e0281043-e0281043&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0281043&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA745266296%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2800117472&rft_id=info:pmid/37043512&rft_galeid=A745266296&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_6bc366a0b1b7402b8237c33c08f53503&rfr_iscdi=true |