Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena
Flicker light stimulation (FLS) uses stroboscopic light on closed eyes to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena, such as the perception of geometric patterns, motion, and colours. It remains an open question where the neural correlates of these hallucinatory experiences emerge along the vi...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284271 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | e0284271 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 18 |
| creator | Amaya, Ioanna Alicia Behrens, Nele Schwartzman, David John Hewitt, Trevor Schmidt, Timo Torsten |
| description | Flicker light stimulation (FLS) uses stroboscopic light on closed eyes to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena, such as the perception of geometric patterns, motion, and colours. It remains an open question where the neural correlates of these hallucinatory experiences emerge along the visual pathway. To allow future testing of suggested underlying mechanisms (e.g., changes in functional connectivity, neural entrainment), we sought to systematically characterise the effects of frequency (3 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz and 18 Hz) and rhythmicity (rhythmic and arrhythmic conditions) on flicker-induced subjective experiences. Using a novel questionnaire, we found that flicker frequency and rhythmicity significantly influenced the degree to which participants experienced simple visual hallucinations, particularly the perception of Klüver forms and dynamics (e.g., motion). Participants reported their experience of geometric patterns and dynamics was at highest intensity during 10 Hz rhythmic stimulation. Further, we found that frequency-matched arrhythmic FLS strongly reduced these subjective effects compared to equivalent rhythmic stimulation. Together, these results provide evidence that flicker rhythmicity critically contributes to the effects of FLS beyond the effects of frequency alone, indicating that neural entrainment may drive the induced phenomenal experience. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0284271 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2799540156</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A745120761</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_13b22c5c145944c681c46a49512c0390</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A745120761</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-756f7fc468daa8c0dabcfe7214b9204771d2734c2fdccdfa0af3a493e3bc88cc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl9v0zAUxSMEYmPwDRBEQkLw0OJ_iZMnNE0DKk2aBINXy72xGxfX7mwH0W-PS7OpQXtAfojl_O6518enKF5iNMeU4w9rPwQn7XzrnZoj0jDC8aPiFLeUzGqC6OOj_UnxLMY1QhVt6vppcUI5Yoi25LS4udRaQSq9LnVQt4NysCul68rQ71K_MWDSrvSu1NbATxVKa1Z9mhnXDaC6spfWDmCcTD7sym2vnN8oJ58XT7S0Ub0Yv2fF90-XNxdfZlfXnxcX51czqFuaZryqNdfA6qaTsgHUySVoxQlmy5YgxjnuCKcMiO4AOi2R1FSyliq6hKYBoGfF64Pu1vooRkOiILxtK4ZwVWdicSA6L9diG8xGhp3w0oi_Bz6shAzJgFUC0yUhUAFmVcsY1A3Ok-V2FSaQvUJZ6-PYbVhuVAfKpSDtRHT6x5lerPwvgRFqWlqRrPBuVAg-Wx2T2JgIylrplB8OgzekQQ3N6Jt_0IevN1IrmW9gnPa5MexFxTlneXLEa5yp-QNUXp3KD5zjo00-nxS8nxRkJqnfaSWHGMXi29f_Z69_TNm3R2yvpE199HZIxrs4BdkBhOBjDErfu4yR2Kf_zg2xT78Y05_LXh2_0H3RXdzpH6zw_3w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2799540156</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia ; Behrens, Nele ; Schwartzman, David John ; Hewitt, Trevor ; Schmidt, Timo Torsten</creator><contributor>Spitschan, Manuel</contributor><creatorcontrib>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia ; Behrens, Nele ; Schwartzman, David John ; Hewitt, Trevor ; Schmidt, Timo Torsten ; Spitschan, Manuel</creatorcontrib><description>Flicker light stimulation (FLS) uses stroboscopic light on closed eyes to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena, such as the perception of geometric patterns, motion, and colours. It remains an open question where the neural correlates of these hallucinatory experiences emerge along the visual pathway. To allow future testing of suggested underlying mechanisms (e.g., changes in functional connectivity, neural entrainment), we sought to systematically characterise the effects of frequency (3 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz and 18 Hz) and rhythmicity (rhythmic and arrhythmic conditions) on flicker-induced subjective experiences. Using a novel questionnaire, we found that flicker frequency and rhythmicity significantly influenced the degree to which participants experienced simple visual hallucinations, particularly the perception of Klüver forms and dynamics (e.g., motion). Participants reported their experience of geometric patterns and dynamics was at highest intensity during 10 Hz rhythmic stimulation. Further, we found that frequency-matched arrhythmic FLS strongly reduced these subjective effects compared to equivalent rhythmic stimulation. Together, these results provide evidence that flicker rhythmicity critically contributes to the effects of FLS beyond the effects of frequency alone, indicating that neural entrainment may drive the induced phenomenal experience.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284271</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37040392</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Entrainment ; Evaluation ; Flicker ; Hallucinations ; Hallucinations and illusions ; Humans ; Light effects ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Migraine ; Motion detection ; Neurophysiology ; Perception ; Phenomenology ; Photic Stimulation - methods ; Questionnaires ; Rhythms ; Social Sciences ; Special effects ; Stimulation ; Stroboscope ; Visual pathways ; Visual perception</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284271</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Amaya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2023 Amaya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 Amaya et al 2023 Amaya et al</rights><rights>2023 Amaya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-756f7fc468daa8c0dabcfe7214b9204771d2734c2fdccdfa0af3a493e3bc88cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-756f7fc468daa8c0dabcfe7214b9204771d2734c2fdccdfa0af3a493e3bc88cc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7815-6270 ; 0000-0003-1612-1301 ; 0000-0002-3779-396X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10089352/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10089352/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37040392$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Spitschan, Manuel</contributor><creatorcontrib>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrens, Nele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartzman, David John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewitt, Trevor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Timo Torsten</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Flicker light stimulation (FLS) uses stroboscopic light on closed eyes to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena, such as the perception of geometric patterns, motion, and colours. It remains an open question where the neural correlates of these hallucinatory experiences emerge along the visual pathway. To allow future testing of suggested underlying mechanisms (e.g., changes in functional connectivity, neural entrainment), we sought to systematically characterise the effects of frequency (3 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz and 18 Hz) and rhythmicity (rhythmic and arrhythmic conditions) on flicker-induced subjective experiences. Using a novel questionnaire, we found that flicker frequency and rhythmicity significantly influenced the degree to which participants experienced simple visual hallucinations, particularly the perception of Klüver forms and dynamics (e.g., motion). Participants reported their experience of geometric patterns and dynamics was at highest intensity during 10 Hz rhythmic stimulation. Further, we found that frequency-matched arrhythmic FLS strongly reduced these subjective effects compared to equivalent rhythmic stimulation. Together, these results provide evidence that flicker rhythmicity critically contributes to the effects of FLS beyond the effects of frequency alone, indicating that neural entrainment may drive the induced phenomenal experience.</description><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Consciousness</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Entrainment</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Flicker</subject><subject>Hallucinations</subject><subject>Hallucinations and illusions</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Light effects</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Migraine</subject><subject>Motion detection</subject><subject>Neurophysiology</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Phenomenology</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Rhythms</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Special effects</subject><subject>Stimulation</subject><subject>Stroboscope</subject><subject>Visual pathways</subject><subject>Visual perception</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl9v0zAUxSMEYmPwDRBEQkLw0OJ_iZMnNE0DKk2aBINXy72xGxfX7mwH0W-PS7OpQXtAfojl_O6518enKF5iNMeU4w9rPwQn7XzrnZoj0jDC8aPiFLeUzGqC6OOj_UnxLMY1QhVt6vppcUI5Yoi25LS4udRaQSq9LnVQt4NysCul68rQ71K_MWDSrvSu1NbATxVKa1Z9mhnXDaC6spfWDmCcTD7sym2vnN8oJ58XT7S0Ub0Yv2fF90-XNxdfZlfXnxcX51czqFuaZryqNdfA6qaTsgHUySVoxQlmy5YgxjnuCKcMiO4AOi2R1FSyliq6hKYBoGfF64Pu1vooRkOiILxtK4ZwVWdicSA6L9diG8xGhp3w0oi_Bz6shAzJgFUC0yUhUAFmVcsY1A3Ok-V2FSaQvUJZ6-PYbVhuVAfKpSDtRHT6x5lerPwvgRFqWlqRrPBuVAg-Wx2T2JgIylrplB8OgzekQQ3N6Jt_0IevN1IrmW9gnPa5MexFxTlneXLEa5yp-QNUXp3KD5zjo00-nxS8nxRkJqnfaSWHGMXi29f_Z69_TNm3R2yvpE199HZIxrs4BdkBhOBjDErfu4yR2Kf_zg2xT78Y05_LXh2_0H3RXdzpH6zw_3w</recordid><startdate>20230411</startdate><enddate>20230411</enddate><creator>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia</creator><creator>Behrens, Nele</creator><creator>Schwartzman, David John</creator><creator>Hewitt, Trevor</creator><creator>Schmidt, Timo Torsten</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-6270</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-1301</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-396X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230411</creationdate><title>Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena</title><author>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia ; Behrens, Nele ; Schwartzman, David John ; Hewitt, Trevor ; Schmidt, Timo Torsten</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-756f7fc468daa8c0dabcfe7214b9204771d2734c2fdccdfa0af3a493e3bc88cc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Consciousness</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Entrainment</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Flicker</topic><topic>Hallucinations</topic><topic>Hallucinations and illusions</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Light effects</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Migraine</topic><topic>Motion detection</topic><topic>Neurophysiology</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Phenomenology</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Rhythms</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Special effects</topic><topic>Stimulation</topic><topic>Stroboscope</topic><topic>Visual pathways</topic><topic>Visual perception</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrens, Nele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartzman, David John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewitt, Trevor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Timo Torsten</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amaya, Ioanna Alicia</au><au>Behrens, Nele</au><au>Schwartzman, David John</au><au>Hewitt, Trevor</au><au>Schmidt, Timo Torsten</au><au>Spitschan, Manuel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2023-04-11</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0284271</spage><pages>e0284271-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Flicker light stimulation (FLS) uses stroboscopic light on closed eyes to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena, such as the perception of geometric patterns, motion, and colours. It remains an open question where the neural correlates of these hallucinatory experiences emerge along the visual pathway. To allow future testing of suggested underlying mechanisms (e.g., changes in functional connectivity, neural entrainment), we sought to systematically characterise the effects of frequency (3 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz and 18 Hz) and rhythmicity (rhythmic and arrhythmic conditions) on flicker-induced subjective experiences. Using a novel questionnaire, we found that flicker frequency and rhythmicity significantly influenced the degree to which participants experienced simple visual hallucinations, particularly the perception of Klüver forms and dynamics (e.g., motion). Participants reported their experience of geometric patterns and dynamics was at highest intensity during 10 Hz rhythmic stimulation. Further, we found that frequency-matched arrhythmic FLS strongly reduced these subjective effects compared to equivalent rhythmic stimulation. Together, these results provide evidence that flicker rhythmicity critically contributes to the effects of FLS beyond the effects of frequency alone, indicating that neural entrainment may drive the induced phenomenal experience.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>37040392</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0284271</doi><tpages>e0284271</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-6270</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-1301</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-396X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284271 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2799540156 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Consciousness Diagnosis Electroencephalography Entrainment Evaluation Flicker Hallucinations Hallucinations and illusions Humans Light effects Medicine and Health Sciences Migraine Motion detection Neurophysiology Perception Phenomenology Photic Stimulation - methods Questionnaires Rhythms Social Sciences Special effects Stimulation Stroboscope Visual pathways Visual perception |
| title | Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-22T02%3A22%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect%20of%20frequency%20and%20rhythmicity%20on%20flicker%20light-induced%20hallucinatory%20phenomena&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Amaya,%20Ioanna%20Alicia&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0284271&rft.pages=e0284271-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0284271&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA745120761%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2799540156&rft_id=info:pmid/37040392&rft_galeid=A745120761&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_13b22c5c145944c681c46a49512c0390&rfr_iscdi=true |