Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia
The West African Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2014-16 cost more than 11,000 lives. Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission, such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial. Building trust...
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description | The West African Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2014-16 cost more than 11,000 lives. Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission, such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial. Building trust was eventually recognized as essential to epidemic response and prioritized, and trust was seen to improve toward the end of the epidemic as incidence fell. However, little is understood about how and why trust changed during Ebola, what factors were most influential to community trust, and how different institutions might have been perceived under different levels of exposure to the outbreak. In this large-N household survey conducted in Liberia in 2018, we measured self-reported trust over time retrospectively in three different communities with different exposures to Ebola. We found trust was consistently higher for non-governmental organizations than for the government of Liberia across all time periods. Trust reportedly decreased significantly from the start to the peak of the epidemic in the study site of highest Ebola incidence. This finding, in combination with a negative association found between knowing someone infected and trust of both iNGOs and the government, indicates the experience of Ebola may have itself caused a decline of trust in the community. These results suggest that national governments should aim to establish trust when engaging communities to change behavior during epidemics. Further research on the relationship between trust and epidemics may serve to improve epidemic response efficacy and behavior uptake. |
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Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission, such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial. Building trust was eventually recognized as essential to epidemic response and prioritized, and trust was seen to improve toward the end of the epidemic as incidence fell. However, little is understood about how and why trust changed during Ebola, what factors were most influential to community trust, and how different institutions might have been perceived under different levels of exposure to the outbreak. In this large-N household survey conducted in Liberia in 2018, we measured self-reported trust over time retrospectively in three different communities with different exposures to Ebola. We found trust was consistently higher for non-governmental organizations than for the government of Liberia across all time periods. Trust reportedly decreased significantly from the start to the peak of the epidemic in the study site of highest Ebola incidence. This finding, in combination with a negative association found between knowing someone infected and trust of both iNGOs and the government, indicates the experience of Ebola may have itself caused a decline of trust in the community. These results suggest that national governments should aim to establish trust when engaging communities to change behavior during epidemics. 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The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-5d989d149595c7faf88cd66e49e74b10ff59b0b9b4167f7738e1fe48befbbe933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-5d989d149595c7faf88cd66e49e74b10ff59b0b9b4167f7738e1fe48befbbe933</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8513-8348 ; 0000-0003-0771-3065 ; 0000-0001-9887-6219</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824372/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824372/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35085236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arthur, Ronan F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horng, Lily M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolay, Fatorma K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tandanpolie, Amos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilstad, John R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tantum, Lucy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luby, Stephen P</creatorcontrib><title>Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>The West African Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2014-16 cost more than 11,000 lives. Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission, such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial. Building trust was eventually recognized as essential to epidemic response and prioritized, and trust was seen to improve toward the end of the epidemic as incidence fell. However, little is understood about how and why trust changed during Ebola, what factors were most influential to community trust, and how different institutions might have been perceived under different levels of exposure to the outbreak. In this large-N household survey conducted in Liberia in 2018, we measured self-reported trust over time retrospectively in three different communities with different exposures to Ebola. We found trust was consistently higher for non-governmental organizations than for the government of Liberia across all time periods. Trust reportedly decreased significantly from the start to the peak of the epidemic in the study site of highest Ebola incidence. This finding, in combination with a negative association found between knowing someone infected and trust of both iNGOs and the government, indicates the experience of Ebola may have itself caused a decline of trust in the community. These results suggest that national governments should aim to establish trust when engaging communities to change behavior during epidemics. Further research on the relationship between trust and epidemics may serve to improve epidemic response efficacy and behavior uptake.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Community</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Ebola virus</subject><subject>Ebolavirus</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemics - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Government</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - prevention & control</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - psychology</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>International organizations</subject><subject>Liberia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>National government</subject><subject>NGOs</subject><subject>Non-governmental organizations</subject><subject>Nongovernmental organizations</subject><subject>Organizations</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public opinion</subject><subject>Quarantine</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Surveying</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Transmission</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Trust - psychology</subject><subject>Trustworthiness</subject><subject>Uptake</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUl2LEzEUHURx19V_IBoQxJep-Zok8yIsZdWFgi_6HJJJ0qbMJDWZWVh_vWk7u7ay5CHh5NyTe09OVb1FcIEIR5-3cUpB9YtdGM0CQgShIM-qS9SSpsacNM9PzhfVq5y3EDZtI9DL6oI0UDSYsMtqWMZhmIIf78GYpjyC6MA63tkUBhtGoIIBIYb6H6R6ENNaBf9HjT6GDMyUfFiDcWMBhojWiIEbHXsF7M4bO_gO-ABWXtvk1evqhVN9tm_m_ar69fXm5_J7vfrx7XZ5vao7hulYN6YVrUG0Lf123CknRGcYs7S1nGoEnWtaDXWrKWLccU6ERc5Soa3T2raEXFXvj7q7PmY5O5Ul5gxjSBjcM26PDBPVVu6SH1S6l1F5eQDKiFKl0Xe9lQ5aCBV2DUWGcuMU1whz3mhFYVvAovVlfm3SgzVdcSmp_kz0_Cb4jSyOSiEwJRwXgU-zQIq_J5tHOfjc2b5Xwcap9M0wEYJisu_7w3_Up6ebWWtVBvDBxfJutxeV1xyyhjDMYWEtnmCVdfi2GKzzBT8r-HhSsLGqHzc59tMhCOdEeiR2KeacrHs0A0G5T-9D13KfXjmnt5S9OzXyseghruQvZP3rrQ</recordid><startdate>20220101</startdate><enddate>20220101</enddate><creator>Arthur, Ronan F</creator><creator>Horng, Lily M</creator><creator>Bolay, Fatorma K</creator><creator>Tandanpolie, Amos</creator><creator>Gilstad, John R</creator><creator>Tantum, Lucy K</creator><creator>Luby, Stephen P</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-8348</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-3065</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-6219</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220101</creationdate><title>Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia</title><author>Arthur, Ronan F ; Horng, Lily M ; Bolay, Fatorma K ; Tandanpolie, Amos ; Gilstad, John R ; Tantum, Lucy K ; Luby, Stephen P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-5d989d149595c7faf88cd66e49e74b10ff59b0b9b4167f7738e1fe48befbbe933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Community</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Ebola virus</topic><topic>Ebolavirus</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemics - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arthur, Ronan F</au><au>Horng, Lily M</au><au>Bolay, Fatorma K</au><au>Tandanpolie, Amos</au><au>Gilstad, John R</au><au>Tantum, Lucy K</au><au>Luby, Stephen P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2022-01-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0010083</spage><epage>e0010083</epage><pages>e0010083-e0010083</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>The West African Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2014-16 cost more than 11,000 lives. Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission, such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial. Building trust was eventually recognized as essential to epidemic response and prioritized, and trust was seen to improve toward the end of the epidemic as incidence fell. However, little is understood about how and why trust changed during Ebola, what factors were most influential to community trust, and how different institutions might have been perceived under different levels of exposure to the outbreak. In this large-N household survey conducted in Liberia in 2018, we measured self-reported trust over time retrospectively in three different communities with different exposures to Ebola. We found trust was consistently higher for non-governmental organizations than for the government of Liberia across all time periods. Trust reportedly decreased significantly from the start to the peak of the epidemic in the study site of highest Ebola incidence. This finding, in combination with a negative association found between knowing someone infected and trust of both iNGOs and the government, indicates the experience of Ebola may have itself caused a decline of trust in the community. These results suggest that national governments should aim to establish trust when engaging communities to change behavior during epidemics. Further research on the relationship between trust and epidemics may serve to improve epidemic response efficacy and behavior uptake.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35085236</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0010083</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-8348</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-3065</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-6219</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Behavior Biology and life sciences Community Cross-Sectional Studies Ebola virus Ebolavirus Epidemics Epidemics - psychology Female Government Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - prevention & control Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - psychology Households Humans Incidence Infectious diseases International organizations Liberia Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged National government NGOs Non-governmental organizations Nongovernmental organizations Organizations People and Places Public health Public opinion Quarantine Retrospective Studies Social aspects Social Sciences Surveying Surveys and Questionnaires Transmission Tropical diseases Trust - psychology Trustworthiness Uptake Viral diseases Viruses |
title | Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia |
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