Inequality and fairness with heterogeneous endowments
People differ in intelligence, cognitive ability, personality traits, motivation, and similar valued and, to a large degree, inherited characteristics that determine success and achievements. When does individual heterogeneity lead to a fair distribution of rewards and outcomes? Here, we develop thi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0276864 |
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| creator | Tsvetkova, Milena Vuculescu, Oana Dinev, Petar Sherson, Jacob Wagner, Claudia |
| description | People differ in intelligence, cognitive ability, personality traits, motivation, and similar valued and, to a large degree, inherited characteristics that determine success and achievements. When does individual heterogeneity lead to a fair distribution of rewards and outcomes? Here, we develop this question theoretically and then test it experimentally for a set of structural conditions in a specific interaction situation. We first catalogue the functional relationship between individual endowments and outcomes to distinguish between fairness concepts such as meritocracy, equality of opportunity, equality of outcomes, and Rawl's theory of justice. We then use an online experiment to study which of these fairness patterns emerge when differently endowed individuals can share their resources with others, depending on whether information about others' endowments and outcomes is available. We find that while visible outcomes lessen inequality by decreasing the statistical dispersion of outcomes across the group, endowments need to be visible for better equality of opportunity for the most disadvantaged. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0276864 |
| format | Article |
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We find that while visible outcomes lessen inequality by decreasing the statistical dispersion of outcomes across the group, endowments need to be visible for better equality of opportunity for the most disadvantaged.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276864</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36315514</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Behavior ; Behavioral economics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive functioning ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Cooperation ; Distributive justice ; Endowment ; Endowments ; Equal opportunity ; Equality ; Evaluation ; Experiments ; Fairness ; Financial Management ; Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Inequality ; Intelligence ; Meritocracy ; Motivation ; Personality traits ; Physical Sciences ; Principles ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Research design ; Reward ; Social interaction ; Social Justice ; Social Sciences ; Sociology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0276864</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Tsvetkova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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When does individual heterogeneity lead to a fair distribution of rewards and outcomes? Here, we develop this question theoretically and then test it experimentally for a set of structural conditions in a specific interaction situation. We first catalogue the functional relationship between individual endowments and outcomes to distinguish between fairness concepts such as meritocracy, equality of opportunity, equality of outcomes, and Rawl's theory of justice. We then use an online experiment to study which of these fairness patterns emerge when differently endowed individuals can share their resources with others, depending on whether information about others' endowments and outcomes is available. 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| subjects | Behavior Behavioral economics Biology and Life Sciences Cognitive ability Cognitive functioning Computer and Information Sciences Cooperation Distributive justice Endowment Endowments Equal opportunity Equality Evaluation Experiments Fairness Financial Management Heterogeneity Humans Inequality Intelligence Meritocracy Motivation Personality traits Physical Sciences Principles Research and Analysis Methods Research design Reward Social interaction Social Justice Social Sciences Sociology |
| title | Inequality and fairness with heterogeneous endowments |
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