Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics
In Finland all children are entitled to regular health check-up visits at child health clinics (CHC). During the visits public health nurses and physicians follow-up the growth and development of the child, evaluate the welfare of the family, give health counselling and vaccinate the children. The a...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0270835-e0270835 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0270835 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 10 |
| container_start_page | e0270835 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 17 |
| creator | Nieminen, Heta Hakulinen, Tuovi Puumalainen, Taneli Sirén, Päivi Palmu, Arto A |
| description | In Finland all children are entitled to regular health check-up visits at child health clinics (CHC). During the visits public health nurses and physicians follow-up the growth and development of the child, evaluate the welfare of the family, give health counselling and vaccinate the children. The aim of this study was to measure the time used by the nurses and physicians for different tasks during the visits and evaluate the costs of preventive health care procedures. Special emphasis was on time and costs used for administering vaccinations. The study was conducted in four CHCs. Trained observers measured the time used for predefined tasks with a stopwatch application operating on a tablet computer. Labour costs of visits and vaccinations were evaluated by using the gross average salary costs of health care personnel. Time used for vaccine logistics and other administrative tasks was obtained by interviewing the nurses in charge of the vaccine logistics at each CHC. Altogether 325 CHC visits of children |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0270835 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2720887616</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A720705231</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_ad8c9b4a8b674f6695c16920ea9a50bc</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A720705231</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-1040054ad882384ac099a0ea11496a222010416a2ef8f5d1dbcbefe390928c173</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk1GL1DAQx4soeJ5-A8GCIAq3a5K2afIiHIenCwcHevoapmm6myWbrEm76Ld39to7rnIP0oeGyW_--c8wk2WvKVnSoqYft2GIHtxyH7xZElYTUVRPshMqC7bgjBRPH5yfZy9S2hJSFYLzk2xzY3cmB9_mDhqUyXVIfcpDl--jORjf24PJNwZcv8k1RHOWW6_d0Fq_zg-gtfXQ2-DTMZ5fWu9tQnBjXXuf5ay3Or3MnnXgknk1_U-zH5efby6-Lq6uv6wuzq8WmlPRLygp0VsJrRCsECVoIiUQA5SWkgNjjCBB8WQ60VUtbRvdmM4UkkgmNK2L0-zNqLt3IampM0mxmhEhak45EquRaANs1T7aHcQ_KoBVt4EQ1wpib7UzCm1o2ZQgGl6XHeey0pRLhn4kVKTRqPVpem1odqbV2LAIbiY6v_F2o9bhoGTF0HKFAu8ngRh-DSb1ameTNs6BN2EYfWNlsjpW9vYf9PHqJmoNWID1XcB39VFUnSNVk4oVFKnlIxR-rdlZjWPUWYzPEj7MEpDpze9-DUNKavX92_-z1z_n7LsH7DgyKbjhdqjmYDmCOoaUounum0yJOm7BXTfUcQvUtAXFX402-WU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2720887616</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics</title><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>TestCollectionTL3OpenAccess</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Nieminen, Heta ; Hakulinen, Tuovi ; Puumalainen, Taneli ; Sirén, Päivi ; Palmu, Arto A</creator><contributor>Mockridge, James</contributor><creatorcontrib>Nieminen, Heta ; Hakulinen, Tuovi ; Puumalainen, Taneli ; Sirén, Päivi ; Palmu, Arto A ; Mockridge, James</creatorcontrib><description>In Finland all children are entitled to regular health check-up visits at child health clinics (CHC). During the visits public health nurses and physicians follow-up the growth and development of the child, evaluate the welfare of the family, give health counselling and vaccinate the children. The aim of this study was to measure the time used by the nurses and physicians for different tasks during the visits and evaluate the costs of preventive health care procedures. Special emphasis was on time and costs used for administering vaccinations. The study was conducted in four CHCs. Trained observers measured the time used for predefined tasks with a stopwatch application operating on a tablet computer. Labour costs of visits and vaccinations were evaluated by using the gross average salary costs of health care personnel. Time used for vaccine logistics and other administrative tasks was obtained by interviewing the nurses in charge of the vaccine logistics at each CHC. Altogether 325 CHC visits of children <13 months were followed. Public health nurse used for a visit in average 49 (range 12–101) minutes, and the corresponding labour costs were 17 (4–35) Euros. Vaccines were administered at 183 visits. Children got on average 2.4 (1–4) vaccine doses per visit. The observed time used for vaccinations was 10.2 (1.6–25) minutes and the costs 3.58 (0.57–8.62) Euros per visit. The observed time included guidance, preparation, administration, and documentation of vaccinations. Adding one dose into a visit increased the time spent on vaccination on average 2.8 minutes (0.99 Euros). The mean non-observed time used for vaccine logistics outside the visits was 3.4 minutes and cost 1.19 Euros per dose. Administering of the vaccines of the Finnish vaccination programme is relatively simple and inexpensive because Finnish children have regular scheduled visits to CHCs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270835</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age groups ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Children ; Childrens health ; Clinics ; Costs ; Documentation ; Dosage ; Economic aspects ; Engineering and Technology ; Evaluation ; Family physicians ; Health care ; Health care expenditures ; Immunization ; Labor costs ; Logistics ; Management ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medical personnel ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nurses ; People and Places ; Physicians ; Public health ; Public health nursing ; Questionnaires ; Stopwatches ; Tablet computers ; Time measurement ; Vaccines</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0270835-e0270835</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Nieminen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Nieminen et al 2022 Nieminen et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-1040054ad882384ac099a0ea11496a222010416a2ef8f5d1dbcbefe390928c173</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3353-7579</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529095/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529095/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23847,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Mockridge, James</contributor><creatorcontrib>Nieminen, Heta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakulinen, Tuovi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puumalainen, Taneli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sirén, Päivi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palmu, Arto A</creatorcontrib><title>Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics</title><title>PloS one</title><description>In Finland all children are entitled to regular health check-up visits at child health clinics (CHC). During the visits public health nurses and physicians follow-up the growth and development of the child, evaluate the welfare of the family, give health counselling and vaccinate the children. The aim of this study was to measure the time used by the nurses and physicians for different tasks during the visits and evaluate the costs of preventive health care procedures. Special emphasis was on time and costs used for administering vaccinations. The study was conducted in four CHCs. Trained observers measured the time used for predefined tasks with a stopwatch application operating on a tablet computer. Labour costs of visits and vaccinations were evaluated by using the gross average salary costs of health care personnel. Time used for vaccine logistics and other administrative tasks was obtained by interviewing the nurses in charge of the vaccine logistics at each CHC. Altogether 325 CHC visits of children <13 months were followed. Public health nurse used for a visit in average 49 (range 12–101) minutes, and the corresponding labour costs were 17 (4–35) Euros. Vaccines were administered at 183 visits. Children got on average 2.4 (1–4) vaccine doses per visit. The observed time used for vaccinations was 10.2 (1.6–25) minutes and the costs 3.58 (0.57–8.62) Euros per visit. The observed time included guidance, preparation, administration, and documentation of vaccinations. Adding one dose into a visit increased the time spent on vaccination on average 2.8 minutes (0.99 Euros). The mean non-observed time used for vaccine logistics outside the visits was 3.4 minutes and cost 1.19 Euros per dose. Administering of the vaccines of the Finnish vaccination programme is relatively simple and inexpensive because Finnish children have regular scheduled visits to CHCs.</description><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Clinics</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Documentation</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Family physicians</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health care expenditures</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Labor costs</subject><subject>Logistics</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Medical care, Cost of</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public health nursing</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Stopwatches</subject><subject>Tablet computers</subject><subject>Time measurement</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1GL1DAQx4soeJ5-A8GCIAq3a5K2afIiHIenCwcHevoapmm6myWbrEm76Ld39to7rnIP0oeGyW_--c8wk2WvKVnSoqYft2GIHtxyH7xZElYTUVRPshMqC7bgjBRPH5yfZy9S2hJSFYLzk2xzY3cmB9_mDhqUyXVIfcpDl--jORjf24PJNwZcv8k1RHOWW6_d0Fq_zg-gtfXQ2-DTMZ5fWu9tQnBjXXuf5ay3Or3MnnXgknk1_U-zH5efby6-Lq6uv6wuzq8WmlPRLygp0VsJrRCsECVoIiUQA5SWkgNjjCBB8WQ60VUtbRvdmM4UkkgmNK2L0-zNqLt3IampM0mxmhEhak45EquRaANs1T7aHcQ_KoBVt4EQ1wpib7UzCm1o2ZQgGl6XHeey0pRLhn4kVKTRqPVpem1odqbV2LAIbiY6v_F2o9bhoGTF0HKFAu8ngRh-DSb1ameTNs6BN2EYfWNlsjpW9vYf9PHqJmoNWID1XcB39VFUnSNVk4oVFKnlIxR-rdlZjWPUWYzPEj7MEpDpze9-DUNKavX92_-z1z_n7LsH7DgyKbjhdqjmYDmCOoaUounum0yJOm7BXTfUcQvUtAXFX402-WU</recordid><startdate>20221003</startdate><enddate>20221003</enddate><creator>Nieminen, Heta</creator><creator>Hakulinen, Tuovi</creator><creator>Puumalainen, Taneli</creator><creator>Sirén, Päivi</creator><creator>Palmu, Arto A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-7579</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221003</creationdate><title>Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics</title><author>Nieminen, Heta ; Hakulinen, Tuovi ; Puumalainen, Taneli ; Sirén, Päivi ; Palmu, Arto A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-1040054ad882384ac099a0ea11496a222010416a2ef8f5d1dbcbefe390928c173</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Age groups</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Clinics</topic><topic>Costs</topic><topic>Documentation</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Economic aspects</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Family physicians</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Health care expenditures</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Labor costs</topic><topic>Logistics</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>Medical care, Cost of</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Nurses</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Physicians</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Public health nursing</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Stopwatches</topic><topic>Tablet computers</topic><topic>Time measurement</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nieminen, Heta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakulinen, Tuovi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puumalainen, Taneli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sirén, Päivi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palmu, Arto A</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>TestCollectionTL3OpenAccess</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nieminen, Heta</au><au>Hakulinen, Tuovi</au><au>Puumalainen, Taneli</au><au>Sirén, Päivi</au><au>Palmu, Arto A</au><au>Mockridge, James</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2022-10-03</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0270835</spage><epage>e0270835</epage><pages>e0270835-e0270835</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In Finland all children are entitled to regular health check-up visits at child health clinics (CHC). During the visits public health nurses and physicians follow-up the growth and development of the child, evaluate the welfare of the family, give health counselling and vaccinate the children. The aim of this study was to measure the time used by the nurses and physicians for different tasks during the visits and evaluate the costs of preventive health care procedures. Special emphasis was on time and costs used for administering vaccinations. The study was conducted in four CHCs. Trained observers measured the time used for predefined tasks with a stopwatch application operating on a tablet computer. Labour costs of visits and vaccinations were evaluated by using the gross average salary costs of health care personnel. Time used for vaccine logistics and other administrative tasks was obtained by interviewing the nurses in charge of the vaccine logistics at each CHC. Altogether 325 CHC visits of children <13 months were followed. Public health nurse used for a visit in average 49 (range 12–101) minutes, and the corresponding labour costs were 17 (4–35) Euros. Vaccines were administered at 183 visits. Children got on average 2.4 (1–4) vaccine doses per visit. The observed time used for vaccinations was 10.2 (1.6–25) minutes and the costs 3.58 (0.57–8.62) Euros per visit. The observed time included guidance, preparation, administration, and documentation of vaccinations. Adding one dose into a visit increased the time spent on vaccination on average 2.8 minutes (0.99 Euros). The mean non-observed time used for vaccine logistics outside the visits was 3.4 minutes and cost 1.19 Euros per dose. Administering of the vaccines of the Finnish vaccination programme is relatively simple and inexpensive because Finnish children have regular scheduled visits to CHCs.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0270835</doi><tpages>e0270835</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-7579</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0270835-e0270835 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2720887616 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; TestCollectionTL3OpenAccess; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Age groups Biology and Life Sciences Children Childrens health Clinics Costs Documentation Dosage Economic aspects Engineering and Technology Evaluation Family physicians Health care Health care expenditures Immunization Labor costs Logistics Management Medical care, Cost of Medical personnel Medicine and Health Sciences Nurses People and Places Physicians Public health Public health nursing Questionnaires Stopwatches Tablet computers Time measurement Vaccines |
| title | Time and labour costs of preventive health care, including vaccinations, in Finnish child health clinics |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T15%3A32%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time%20and%20labour%20costs%20of%20preventive%20health%20care,%20including%20vaccinations,%20in%20Finnish%20child%20health%20clinics&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Nieminen,%20Heta&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0270835&rft.epage=e0270835&rft.pages=e0270835-e0270835&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0270835&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA720705231%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2720887616&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A720705231&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_ad8c9b4a8b674f6695c16920ea9a50bc&rfr_iscdi=true |