In Vitro neurotoxicity and myotoxicity of Malaysian Naja sumatrana and Naja kaouthia venoms: Neutralization by monovalent and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand
Naja sumatrana and Naja kaouthia are medically important elapids species found in Southeast Asia. Snake bite envenoming caused by these species may lead to morbidity or mortality if not treated with the appropriate antivenom. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxic and myotoxic effects N. sumatrana a...
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| description | Naja sumatrana and Naja kaouthia are medically important elapids species found in Southeast Asia. Snake bite envenoming caused by these species may lead to morbidity or mortality if not treated with the appropriate antivenom. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxic and myotoxic effects N. sumatrana and N. kaouthia venoms from Malaysian specimens were assessed and compared. In addition, the neutralizing capability of Cobra Antivenom (CAV), King Cobra Antivenom (KCAV) and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom (NPAV) from Thailand were compared. Both venoms produced concentration-dependent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Based on the time to cause 90% inhibition of twitches (i.e. t.sub.90) N. kaouthia venom displayed more potent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects than N. sumatrana venom. All three of the antivenoms significantly attenuated venom-induced twitch reduction of indirectly stimulated tissues when added prior to venom. When added after N. sumatrana venom, at the t.sub.90 time point, CAV and NPAV partially restored the twitch height but has no significant effect on the reduction in twitch height caused by N. kaouthia venom. The addition of KCAV, at the t.sub.90 time point, did not reverse the attenuation of indirectly stimulated twitches caused by either venom. In addition, none of the antivenoms, when added prior to venom, prevented attenuation of directly stimulated twitches. Differences in the capability of antivenoms, especially NPAV and CAV, to reverse neurotoxicity and myotoxicity indicate that there is a need to isolate and characterize neurotoxins and myotoxins from Malaysian N. kaouthia and N. sumatrana venoms to improve neutralization capability of the antivenoms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0274488 |
| format | Article |
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Snake bite envenoming caused by these species may lead to morbidity or mortality if not treated with the appropriate antivenom. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxic and myotoxic effects N. sumatrana and N. kaouthia venoms from Malaysian specimens were assessed and compared. In addition, the neutralizing capability of Cobra Antivenom (CAV), King Cobra Antivenom (KCAV) and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom (NPAV) from Thailand were compared. Both venoms produced concentration-dependent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Based on the time to cause 90% inhibition of twitches (i.e. t.sub.90) N. kaouthia venom displayed more potent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects than N. sumatrana venom. All three of the antivenoms significantly attenuated venom-induced twitch reduction of indirectly stimulated tissues when added prior to venom. When added after N. sumatrana venom, at the t.sub.90 time point, CAV and NPAV partially restored the twitch height but has no significant effect on the reduction in twitch height caused by N. kaouthia venom. The addition of KCAV, at the t.sub.90 time point, did not reverse the attenuation of indirectly stimulated twitches caused by either venom. In addition, none of the antivenoms, when added prior to venom, prevented attenuation of directly stimulated twitches. Differences in the capability of antivenoms, especially NPAV and CAV, to reverse neurotoxicity and myotoxicity indicate that there is a need to isolate and characterize neurotoxins and myotoxins from Malaysian N. kaouthia and N. sumatrana venoms to improve neutralization capability of the antivenoms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274488</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36094937</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Antivenins ; Antivenom ; Attenuation ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cardiotoxicity ; Cobras ; Evaluation ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Morbidity ; Muscles ; Myotoxins ; Naja kaouthia ; Naja sumatrana ; Neurotoxicity ; Neurotoxins ; Neutralization ; Neutralization (Chemistry) ; People and Places ; Physiological aspects ; Reduction ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Snakes ; Toxins ; Venom</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0274488-e0274488</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Zukifli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Snake bite envenoming caused by these species may lead to morbidity or mortality if not treated with the appropriate antivenom. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxic and myotoxic effects N. sumatrana and N. kaouthia venoms from Malaysian specimens were assessed and compared. In addition, the neutralizing capability of Cobra Antivenom (CAV), King Cobra Antivenom (KCAV) and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom (NPAV) from Thailand were compared. Both venoms produced concentration-dependent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Based on the time to cause 90% inhibition of twitches (i.e. t.sub.90) N. kaouthia venom displayed more potent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects than N. sumatrana venom. All three of the antivenoms significantly attenuated venom-induced twitch reduction of indirectly stimulated tissues when added prior to venom. When added after N. sumatrana venom, at the t.sub.90 time point, CAV and NPAV partially restored the twitch height but has no significant effect on the reduction in twitch height caused by N. kaouthia venom. The addition of KCAV, at the t.sub.90 time point, did not reverse the attenuation of indirectly stimulated twitches caused by either venom. In addition, none of the antivenoms, when added prior to venom, prevented attenuation of directly stimulated twitches. Differences in the capability of antivenoms, especially NPAV and CAV, to reverse neurotoxicity and myotoxicity indicate that there is a need to isolate and characterize neurotoxins and myotoxins from Malaysian N. kaouthia and N. sumatrana venoms to improve neutralization capability of the antivenoms.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antivenins</subject><subject>Antivenom</subject><subject>Attenuation</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cardiotoxicity</subject><subject>Cobras</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Myotoxins</subject><subject>Naja kaouthia</subject><subject>Naja sumatrana</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity</subject><subject>Neurotoxins</subject><subject>Neutralization</subject><subject>Neutralization (Chemistry)</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physiological 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one</jtitle><date>2022-09-12</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0274488</spage><epage>e0274488</epage><pages>e0274488-e0274488</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Naja sumatrana and Naja kaouthia are medically important elapids species found in Southeast Asia. Snake bite envenoming caused by these species may lead to morbidity or mortality if not treated with the appropriate antivenom. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxic and myotoxic effects N. sumatrana and N. kaouthia venoms from Malaysian specimens were assessed and compared. In addition, the neutralizing capability of Cobra Antivenom (CAV), King Cobra Antivenom (KCAV) and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom (NPAV) from Thailand were compared. Both venoms produced concentration-dependent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Based on the time to cause 90% inhibition of twitches (i.e. t.sub.90) N. kaouthia venom displayed more potent neurotoxic and myotoxic effects than N. sumatrana venom. All three of the antivenoms significantly attenuated venom-induced twitch reduction of indirectly stimulated tissues when added prior to venom. When added after N. sumatrana venom, at the t.sub.90 time point, CAV and NPAV partially restored the twitch height but has no significant effect on the reduction in twitch height caused by N. kaouthia venom. The addition of KCAV, at the t.sub.90 time point, did not reverse the attenuation of indirectly stimulated twitches caused by either venom. In addition, none of the antivenoms, when added prior to venom, prevented attenuation of directly stimulated twitches. Differences in the capability of antivenoms, especially NPAV and CAV, to reverse neurotoxicity and myotoxicity indicate that there is a need to isolate and characterize neurotoxins and myotoxins from Malaysian N. kaouthia and N. sumatrana venoms to improve neutralization capability of the antivenoms.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>36094937</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0274488</doi><tpages>e0274488</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-0240</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-060X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0274488-e0274488 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Antivenins Antivenom Attenuation Biology and Life Sciences Cardiotoxicity Cobras Evaluation Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Morbidity Muscles Myotoxins Naja kaouthia Naja sumatrana Neurotoxicity Neurotoxins Neutralization Neutralization (Chemistry) People and Places Physiological aspects Reduction Research and Analysis Methods Snakes Toxins Venom |
| title | In Vitro neurotoxicity and myotoxicity of Malaysian Naja sumatrana and Naja kaouthia venoms: Neutralization by monovalent and Neuro Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-18T14%3A10%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In%20Vitro%20neurotoxicity%20and%20myotoxicity%20of%20Malaysian%20Naja%20sumatrana%20and%20Naja%20kaouthia%20venoms:%20Neutralization%20by%20monovalent%20and%20Neuro%20Polyvalent%20Antivenoms%20from%20Thailand&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Zukifli,%20Nor%20Asyikin&rft.date=2022-09-12&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0274488&rft.epage=e0274488&rft.pages=e0274488-e0274488&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0274488&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA717150096%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2713238063&rft_id=info:pmid/36094937&rft_galeid=A717150096&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_618acdf65f2149638e214d093e8ce6e8&rfr_iscdi=true |