Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes
Environmental enrichment improves the health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), one of the popular zoo animals, as a model organism to understand effects of active and passive enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0261796 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | e0261796 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 17 |
| creator | Panchal, Nirali Desai, Chena Ghosal, Ratna |
| description | Environmental enrichment improves the health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), one of the popular zoo animals, as a model organism to understand effects of active and passive enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category 'A' (having both active: cage size of 1204 m3 with raised platforms and earthen flooring, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glass to filter visitors' noise, enrichment elements), category 'B' (active enrichment type I, cage size of 264 m3 with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, cage size of 517 m3 without air coolers) for leopards (n = 14) housed in two Indian zoos. We used a group-specific enzyme immunoassay to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) in captive leopards. For comparison, we analysed samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. fGCM levels (Mean±SEM) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003 μg/g dry feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results revealed that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261796 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2712349377</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A716700327</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_71f0afd9baf143d0829fe484f7df0eb9</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A716700327</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-75d0becf10f45ce633293a2c32709487ff55b32fb9e4b22f4c1d252c57da41193</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUstuEzEUHSEQLYU_QGCJTVkk-DXjmQ1SVVGIVAkWsLY89nXiymMHeyYSn8Bf40nSqkGVF7bvPec-jk5VvSV4SZggn-7ilILyy20MsMS0IaJrnlXnpGN00VDMnj96n1Wvcr7DuGZt07yszliDW9YJfF79vQGtPFr7SUcd0-h0dAYNMKo-ejcC8rADn5ELSKvt6HaAVsE4FUoiblUyGV3-UGHcQFJo_k8Z2Slr9RFt4pTBoCkYSGjcJABknLWQIIwIQnJ6M8zPBGs3QH5dvbDKZ3hzvC-qXzdffl5_W9x-_7q6vrpd6JqycSFqg3vQlmDLaw0NY7RjimpGBe54K6yt655R23fAe0ot18TQmupaGMVJUeSien-ou_Uxy6OKWVJBKOMdE6IgVgeEiepObpMbVPojo3JyH4hpLdWslAcpiMXKmq5XlnBmcEs7C7zlVhiLoZ-7fT52m_oBjC4LJ-VPip5mgtvIddzJjje03g9zeSyQ4u8J8igHlzV4rwIUgfdzt5yzdoZ--A_69HZH1FqVBVywsfTVc1F5JUgjMC5SFtTyCVQ5BobikQDWlfgJgR8IOsWcE9iHHQmWs2Hvh5GzYeXRsIX27rE-D6R7h7J_CnDq4Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2712349377</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Panchal, Nirali ; Desai, Chena ; Ghosal, Ratna</creator><contributor>Umapathy, Govindhaswamy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Panchal, Nirali ; Desai, Chena ; Ghosal, Ratna ; Umapathy, Govindhaswamy</creatorcontrib><description>Environmental enrichment improves the health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), one of the popular zoo animals, as a model organism to understand effects of active and passive enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category 'A' (having both active: cage size of 1204 m3 with raised platforms and earthen flooring, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glass to filter visitors' noise, enrichment elements), category 'B' (active enrichment type I, cage size of 264 m3 with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, cage size of 517 m3 without air coolers) for leopards (n = 14) housed in two Indian zoos. We used a group-specific enzyme immunoassay to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) in captive leopards. For comparison, we analysed samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. fGCM levels (Mean±SEM) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003 μg/g dry feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results revealed that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P<0.05) different from each other, thus, indicating cage size (an active enrichment element) as an important factor in influencing the physiology of the sampled animals. Overall, the findings of the study will contribute towards informed policies for management of captive Indian leopards.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261796</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36083970</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acoustics ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo - physiology ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cages ; Coolers ; Corticosteroids ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Enrichment ; Enzyme immunoassay ; Feces ; Glucocorticoids ; Health aspects ; Homeostasis ; Housing conditions ; Immunoassay ; Leopard ; Males ; Metabolites ; Panthera - physiology ; Panthera pardus fusca ; People and Places ; Physiology ; Playback ; Properties ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Social Sciences ; Stress ; Zoo animals ; Zoos</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0261796</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Panchal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Panchal et al 2022 Panchal et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-75d0becf10f45ce633293a2c32709487ff55b32fb9e4b22f4c1d252c57da41193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-75d0becf10f45ce633293a2c32709487ff55b32fb9e4b22f4c1d252c57da41193</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2295-453X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9462577/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9462577/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,862,883,2098,2917,23849,27907,27908,53774,53776,79351,79352</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36083970$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Umapathy, Govindhaswamy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Panchal, Nirali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Chena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosal, Ratna</creatorcontrib><title>Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Environmental enrichment improves the health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), one of the popular zoo animals, as a model organism to understand effects of active and passive enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category 'A' (having both active: cage size of 1204 m3 with raised platforms and earthen flooring, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glass to filter visitors' noise, enrichment elements), category 'B' (active enrichment type I, cage size of 264 m3 with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, cage size of 517 m3 without air coolers) for leopards (n = 14) housed in two Indian zoos. We used a group-specific enzyme immunoassay to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) in captive leopards. For comparison, we analysed samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. fGCM levels (Mean±SEM) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003 μg/g dry feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results revealed that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P<0.05) different from each other, thus, indicating cage size (an active enrichment element) as an important factor in influencing the physiology of the sampled animals. Overall, the findings of the study will contribute towards informed policies for management of captive Indian leopards.</description><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Zoo - physiology</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cages</subject><subject>Coolers</subject><subject>Corticosteroids</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Enzyme immunoassay</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Glucocorticoids</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Housing conditions</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Leopard</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Panthera - physiology</subject><subject>Panthera pardus fusca</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Playback</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Zoo animals</subject><subject>Zoos</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUstuEzEUHSEQLYU_QGCJTVkk-DXjmQ1SVVGIVAkWsLY89nXiymMHeyYSn8Bf40nSqkGVF7bvPec-jk5VvSV4SZggn-7ilILyy20MsMS0IaJrnlXnpGN00VDMnj96n1Wvcr7DuGZt07yszliDW9YJfF79vQGtPFr7SUcd0-h0dAYNMKo-ejcC8rADn5ELSKvt6HaAVsE4FUoiblUyGV3-UGHcQFJo_k8Z2Slr9RFt4pTBoCkYSGjcJABknLWQIIwIQnJ6M8zPBGs3QH5dvbDKZ3hzvC-qXzdffl5_W9x-_7q6vrpd6JqycSFqg3vQlmDLaw0NY7RjimpGBe54K6yt655R23fAe0ot18TQmupaGMVJUeSien-ou_Uxy6OKWVJBKOMdE6IgVgeEiepObpMbVPojo3JyH4hpLdWslAcpiMXKmq5XlnBmcEs7C7zlVhiLoZ-7fT52m_oBjC4LJ-VPip5mgtvIddzJjje03g9zeSyQ4u8J8igHlzV4rwIUgfdzt5yzdoZ--A_69HZH1FqVBVywsfTVc1F5JUgjMC5SFtTyCVQ5BobikQDWlfgJgR8IOsWcE9iHHQmWs2Hvh5GzYeXRsIX27rE-D6R7h7J_CnDq4Q</recordid><startdate>20220909</startdate><enddate>20220909</enddate><creator>Panchal, Nirali</creator><creator>Desai, Chena</creator><creator>Ghosal, Ratna</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-453X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220909</creationdate><title>Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes</title><author>Panchal, Nirali ; Desai, Chena ; Ghosal, Ratna</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-75d0becf10f45ce633293a2c32709487ff55b32fb9e4b22f4c1d252c57da41193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Zoo - physiology</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cages</topic><topic>Coolers</topic><topic>Corticosteroids</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Enzyme immunoassay</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Glucocorticoids</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Housing conditions</topic><topic>Immunoassay</topic><topic>Leopard</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Panthera - physiology</topic><topic>Panthera pardus fusca</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Playback</topic><topic>Properties</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Zoo animals</topic><topic>Zoos</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Panchal, Nirali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Chena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosal, Ratna</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Panchal, Nirali</au><au>Desai, Chena</au><au>Ghosal, Ratna</au><au>Umapathy, Govindhaswamy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-09-09</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0261796</spage><pages>e0261796-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Environmental enrichment improves the health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), one of the popular zoo animals, as a model organism to understand effects of active and passive enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category 'A' (having both active: cage size of 1204 m3 with raised platforms and earthen flooring, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glass to filter visitors' noise, enrichment elements), category 'B' (active enrichment type I, cage size of 264 m3 with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, cage size of 517 m3 without air coolers) for leopards (n = 14) housed in two Indian zoos. We used a group-specific enzyme immunoassay to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) in captive leopards. For comparison, we analysed samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. fGCM levels (Mean±SEM) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003 μg/g dry feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results revealed that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P<0.05) different from each other, thus, indicating cage size (an active enrichment element) as an important factor in influencing the physiology of the sampled animals. Overall, the findings of the study will contribute towards informed policies for management of captive Indian leopards.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>36083970</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261796</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-453X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-09, Vol.17 (9), p.e0261796 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2712349377 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acoustics Animals Animals, Zoo - physiology Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Cages Coolers Corticosteroids Ecology and Environmental Sciences Enrichment Enzyme immunoassay Feces Glucocorticoids Health aspects Homeostasis Housing conditions Immunoassay Leopard Males Metabolites Panthera - physiology Panthera pardus fusca People and Places Physiology Playback Properties Research and Analysis Methods Social Sciences Stress Zoo animals Zoos |
| title | Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T16%3A22%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fecal%20glucocorticoid%20metabolite%20levels%20in%20captive%20Indian%20leopards%20(Panthera%20pardus%20fusca)%20housed%20under%20three%20different%20enrichment%20regimes&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Panchal,%20Nirali&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0261796&rft.pages=e0261796-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0261796&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA716700327%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2712349377&rft_id=info:pmid/36083970&rft_galeid=A716700327&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_71f0afd9baf143d0829fe484f7df0eb9&rfr_iscdi=true |