The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends
During the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses on global data have not reached unanimous consensus on whether warmer and humid weather curbs the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conjectured that this lack of consensus is due to the discrepancy between global environmental data such as temperature and humi...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-08, Vol.17 (8), p.e0271760-e0271760 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0271760 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 8 |
| container_start_page | e0271760 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 17 |
| creator | Park, Han June Lee, Sung-Gwang Oh, Jeong Suk Nam, Minhyuk Barrett, Steven Lee, Soohyung Hwang, Wontae |
| description | During the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses on global data have not reached unanimous consensus on whether warmer and humid weather curbs the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conjectured that this lack of consensus is due to the discrepancy between global environmental data such as temperature and humidity being collected outdoors, while most infections have been reported to occur indoors, where conditions can be different. Thus, we have methodologically investigated the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the spread of expired respiratory droplets from the mouth, which are assumed to be the main cause of most short-range infections. Calculating the trajectory of individual droplets using an experimentally validated evaporation model, the final height and distance of the evaporated droplets is obtained, and then correlated with global COVID-19 spread. Increase in indoor humidity is associated with reduction in COVID-19 spread, while temperature has no statistically significant effect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0271760 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2700570279</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A713272030</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_ef96a833edca430c864e85ecc207a151</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A713272030</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-311833f8d032b1f7a208468fd0cd5f7ceb283e12606e6a70ac23eb21b44f99c53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A8GAIHqxaz5mkpkboawfXSgsaO1tyGZOdrNkJmuSUfvvzXan0pFeSC4STp7znuTlnKJ4SfCcMEHe7_wQeuXme9_DHFNBBMePilPSMDrjFLPH984nxbMYdxhXrOb8aXHCqqYUVSVOi3S1BQTGgE4ReYNs33ofUIJuD0GlIQBSfYu2Q2dbm26Q75HzWjmUgupjZ2O0OZQTF6vr5ccZaY64_4VsQgGcShBR8mjj_Po2C_o2Pi-eGOUivBj3s-L7509Xi4vZ5erLcnF-OdOcN2nGCKkZM3WLGV0TIxTFdclr02LdVkZoWNOaAaEcc-BKYKUpyzGyLkvTNLpiZ8Wro-7e-ShHw6KkIjshsmVNJpZHovVqJ_fBdircSK-svA34sJEqJKsdSDANV_k90GpVMqxrXkJdgdYUC0UqkrU-jNWGdZcp6LNHbiI6ventVm78T9kwXpGKZYG3o0DwPwaISWZ_NTinevDD8d2cNRiXGX39D_rw70Zqo_IHbG98rqsPovJcEEZFbg2cqfkDVF4tdFbn7jI2xycJ7yYJmUnwO23UEKNcfvv6_-zqesq-ucduQbm0jd4NKbdYnILlEdTBxxjA_DWZYHkYjjs35GE45Dgc7A-NYf74</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2700570279</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Park, Han June ; Lee, Sung-Gwang ; Oh, Jeong Suk ; Nam, Minhyuk ; Barrett, Steven ; Lee, Soohyung ; Hwang, Wontae</creator><contributor>Khan, Niaz Bahadur</contributor><creatorcontrib>Park, Han June ; Lee, Sung-Gwang ; Oh, Jeong Suk ; Nam, Minhyuk ; Barrett, Steven ; Lee, Soohyung ; Hwang, Wontae ; Khan, Niaz Bahadur</creatorcontrib><description>During the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses on global data have not reached unanimous consensus on whether warmer and humid weather curbs the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conjectured that this lack of consensus is due to the discrepancy between global environmental data such as temperature and humidity being collected outdoors, while most infections have been reported to occur indoors, where conditions can be different. Thus, we have methodologically investigated the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the spread of expired respiratory droplets from the mouth, which are assumed to be the main cause of most short-range infections. Calculating the trajectory of individual droplets using an experimentally validated evaporation model, the final height and distance of the evaporated droplets is obtained, and then correlated with global COVID-19 spread. Increase in indoor humidity is associated with reduction in COVID-19 spread, while temperature has no statistically significant effect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271760</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35947557</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 diagnostic tests ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Datasets ; Disease transmission ; Droplets ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Evaporation ; Fluid dynamics ; Humidity ; Infections ; Influence ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Open data ; Pandemics ; Physical Sciences ; Pollutants ; Precipitation ; Relative humidity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistical analysis ; Temperature effects ; Trends ; Variables ; Viral diseases ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-08, Vol.17 (8), p.e0271760-e0271760</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Park et al 2022 Park et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-311833f8d032b1f7a208468fd0cd5f7ceb283e12606e6a70ac23eb21b44f99c53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-311833f8d032b1f7a208468fd0cd5f7ceb283e12606e6a70ac23eb21b44f99c53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6672-910X ; 0000-0002-9721-2063</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365153/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365153/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Khan, Niaz Bahadur</contributor><creatorcontrib>Park, Han June</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sung-Gwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Jeong Suk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Minhyuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrett, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Soohyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Wontae</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends</title><title>PloS one</title><description>During the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses on global data have not reached unanimous consensus on whether warmer and humid weather curbs the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conjectured that this lack of consensus is due to the discrepancy between global environmental data such as temperature and humidity being collected outdoors, while most infections have been reported to occur indoors, where conditions can be different. Thus, we have methodologically investigated the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the spread of expired respiratory droplets from the mouth, which are assumed to be the main cause of most short-range infections. Calculating the trajectory of individual droplets using an experimentally validated evaporation model, the final height and distance of the evaporated droplets is obtained, and then correlated with global COVID-19 spread. Increase in indoor humidity is associated with reduction in COVID-19 spread, while temperature has no statistically significant effect.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 diagnostic tests</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Droplets</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Open data</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A8GAIHqxaz5mkpkboawfXSgsaO1tyGZOdrNkJmuSUfvvzXan0pFeSC4STp7znuTlnKJ4SfCcMEHe7_wQeuXme9_DHFNBBMePilPSMDrjFLPH984nxbMYdxhXrOb8aXHCqqYUVSVOi3S1BQTGgE4ReYNs33ofUIJuD0GlIQBSfYu2Q2dbm26Q75HzWjmUgupjZ2O0OZQTF6vr5ccZaY64_4VsQgGcShBR8mjj_Po2C_o2Pi-eGOUivBj3s-L7509Xi4vZ5erLcnF-OdOcN2nGCKkZM3WLGV0TIxTFdclr02LdVkZoWNOaAaEcc-BKYKUpyzGyLkvTNLpiZ8Wro-7e-ShHw6KkIjshsmVNJpZHovVqJ_fBdircSK-svA34sJEqJKsdSDANV_k90GpVMqxrXkJdgdYUC0UqkrU-jNWGdZcp6LNHbiI6ventVm78T9kwXpGKZYG3o0DwPwaISWZ_NTinevDD8d2cNRiXGX39D_rw70Zqo_IHbG98rqsPovJcEEZFbg2cqfkDVF4tdFbn7jI2xycJ7yYJmUnwO23UEKNcfvv6_-zqesq-ucduQbm0jd4NKbdYnILlEdTBxxjA_DWZYHkYjjs35GE45Dgc7A-NYf74</recordid><startdate>20220810</startdate><enddate>20220810</enddate><creator>Park, Han June</creator><creator>Lee, Sung-Gwang</creator><creator>Oh, Jeong Suk</creator><creator>Nam, Minhyuk</creator><creator>Barrett, Steven</creator><creator>Lee, Soohyung</creator><creator>Hwang, Wontae</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-910X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-2063</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220810</creationdate><title>The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends</title><author>Park, Han June ; Lee, Sung-Gwang ; Oh, Jeong Suk ; Nam, Minhyuk ; Barrett, Steven ; Lee, Soohyung ; Hwang, Wontae</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-311833f8d032b1f7a208468fd0cd5f7ceb283e12606e6a70ac23eb21b44f99c53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 diagnostic tests</topic><topic>COVID-19 vaccines</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Droplets</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Nitrogen dioxide</topic><topic>Open data</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Relative humidity</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Temperature effects</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Park, Han June</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sung-Gwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Jeong Suk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Minhyuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrett, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Soohyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Wontae</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Park, Han June</au><au>Lee, Sung-Gwang</au><au>Oh, Jeong Suk</au><au>Nam, Minhyuk</au><au>Barrett, Steven</au><au>Lee, Soohyung</au><au>Hwang, Wontae</au><au>Khan, Niaz Bahadur</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2022-08-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0271760</spage><epage>e0271760</epage><pages>e0271760-e0271760</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>During the COVID-19 pandemic, analyses on global data have not reached unanimous consensus on whether warmer and humid weather curbs the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conjectured that this lack of consensus is due to the discrepancy between global environmental data such as temperature and humidity being collected outdoors, while most infections have been reported to occur indoors, where conditions can be different. Thus, we have methodologically investigated the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the spread of expired respiratory droplets from the mouth, which are assumed to be the main cause of most short-range infections. Calculating the trajectory of individual droplets using an experimentally validated evaporation model, the final height and distance of the evaporated droplets is obtained, and then correlated with global COVID-19 spread. Increase in indoor humidity is associated with reduction in COVID-19 spread, while temperature has no statistically significant effect.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35947557</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0271760</doi><tpages>e0271760</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-910X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-2063</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-08, Vol.17 (8), p.e0271760-e0271760 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2700570279 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 diagnostic tests COVID-19 vaccines Datasets Disease transmission Droplets Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Evaporation Fluid dynamics Humidity Infections Influence Medicine and Health Sciences Nitrogen dioxide Open data Pandemics Physical Sciences Pollutants Precipitation Relative humidity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Temperature effects Trends Variables Viral diseases Viruses |
| title | The effects of indoor temperature and humidity on local transmission of COVID-19 and how it relates to global trends |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T16%3A27%3A53IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20effects%20of%20indoor%20temperature%20and%20humidity%20on%20local%20transmission%20of%20COVID-19%20and%20how%20it%20relates%20to%20global%20trends&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Park,%20Han%20June&rft.date=2022-08-10&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0271760&rft.epage=e0271760&rft.pages=e0271760-e0271760&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0271760&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA713272030%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2700570279&rft_id=info:pmid/35947557&rft_galeid=A713272030&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_ef96a833edca430c864e85ecc207a151&rfr_iscdi=true |