The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters
Oriented lines impact human cognition subconsciously. This study aimed to determine whether line orientations in the background of Chinese written characters influenced individual's memory and emotion. Five pictures with Chinese characters as experimental material, in which four had equidistant...
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| creator | Huang, Yanqun Zhang, Yi Li, Xu Zhang, Jie Wang, Yuzhen |
| description | Oriented lines impact human cognition subconsciously. This study aimed to determine whether line orientations in the background of Chinese written characters influenced individual's memory and emotion. Five pictures with Chinese characters as experimental material, in which four had equidistant parallel lines (0°, -45°, 90°, and +45°) as background and the other one had a blank background, were presented on a personal computer screen, for 15 seconds each, to 94 participants. The participants were then given 45 seconds to write down what they had just memorized. Participants' emotion was identified by their Heart Rate Variability (HRV) simultaneously during the viewing process. The results showed that vertical (90°) and 45° leftward leaning lines (-45°) did not weaken users' memory, and no significant difference in memory was found between these two states and the blank background, while horizontal (0°) and 45° rightward leaning lines (+45°) weakened the memory effect significantly. Overall, memory decreased in the condition of horizontally lined background while no influence in vertically lined background condition; and it showed asymmetry under leftward and rightward leaning line conditions: memory decreased in rightward leaning lined background while no influence in leftward lined background. Moreover, the results of emotion and memory showed negative similar trend. These findings provide practical suggestions for visual information design. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0269255 |
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This study aimed to determine whether line orientations in the background of Chinese written characters influenced individual's memory and emotion. Five pictures with Chinese characters as experimental material, in which four had equidistant parallel lines (0°, -45°, 90°, and +45°) as background and the other one had a blank background, were presented on a personal computer screen, for 15 seconds each, to 94 participants. The participants were then given 45 seconds to write down what they had just memorized. Participants' emotion was identified by their Heart Rate Variability (HRV) simultaneously during the viewing process. The results showed that vertical (90°) and 45° leftward leaning lines (-45°) did not weaken users' memory, and no significant difference in memory was found between these two states and the blank background, while horizontal (0°) and 45° rightward leaning lines (+45°) weakened the memory effect significantly. Overall, memory decreased in the condition of horizontally lined background while no influence in vertically lined background condition; and it showed asymmetry under leftward and rightward leaning line conditions: memory decreased in rightward leaning lined background while no influence in leftward lined background. Moreover, the results of emotion and memory showed negative similar trend. These findings provide practical suggestions for visual information design.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269255</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35639745</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Asians ; Biology and Life Sciences ; China ; Chinese literature ; Cognition ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Design ; Emotions ; Entrance examinations ; Evaluation ; Experiments ; Habits ; Heart rate ; Humans ; Influence ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Older people ; Orientation - physiology ; Personal computers ; Reading ; Social Sciences ; Unconscious, Psychology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0269255-e0269255</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Huang et al 2022 Huang et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-7e5da28bcfa29bc609ebc988c432bb440774c28c1c5ba4a3f6007fdfd39becd23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5352-257X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9154177/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9154177/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639745$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Ostadabbas, Sarah</contributor><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yanqun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuzhen</creatorcontrib><title>The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Oriented lines impact human cognition subconsciously. This study aimed to determine whether line orientations in the background of Chinese written characters influenced individual's memory and emotion. Five pictures with Chinese characters as experimental material, in which four had equidistant parallel lines (0°, -45°, 90°, and +45°) as background and the other one had a blank background, were presented on a personal computer screen, for 15 seconds each, to 94 participants. The participants were then given 45 seconds to write down what they had just memorized. Participants' emotion was identified by their Heart Rate Variability (HRV) simultaneously during the viewing process. The results showed that vertical (90°) and 45° leftward leaning lines (-45°) did not weaken users' memory, and no significant difference in memory was found between these two states and the blank background, while horizontal (0°) and 45° rightward leaning lines (+45°) weakened the memory effect significantly. Overall, memory decreased in the condition of horizontally lined background while no influence in vertically lined background condition; and it showed asymmetry under leftward and rightward leaning line conditions: memory decreased in rightward leaning lined background while no influence in leftward lined background. Moreover, the results of emotion and memory showed negative similar trend. These findings provide practical suggestions for visual information design.</description><subject>Asians</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Chinese literature</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Entrance examinations</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Habits</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Orientation - physiology</subject><subject>Personal computers</subject><subject>Reading</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Unconscious, Psychology</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLgujFjGk-2xthGfwYWFjQ1duQpKdtxk4yJq26_97MTneZyl5IL1rS531PzpucLHteoGVBRPFu48fgVL_ceQdLhHmFGXuQnRYVwQuOEXl49H2SPYlxgxAjJeePsxPCOKkEZaeZveogj6M23kVj_Rhzu90pM-S-yXvrIPfBghvUYBOQW5drZX60wY-uTqRqIebe5VvY-nC916y6JIqQ_w52GMDlplMh2UGIT7NHjeojPJveZ9m3jx-uVp8XF5ef1qvzi4XhtBgWAlitcKlNo3ClDUcVaFOVpaEEa00pEoIaXJrCMK2oIg1HSDR1U5NKg6kxOcteHnx3vY9ySilKzEvBy0qgIhHrA1F7tZG7kPoI19IrK28WfGilCoM1PUiKtdIlIqxOtYHRqkSqrmtWorLiQvDk9X6qNuot1CZlFVQ_M53_cbaTrf8lq4LRQohk8GYyCP7nCHGQWxsN9L1ykI4j7VtgkjbPSEJf_YPe391EtSo1YF3jU12zN5XnAjHGKGL7lJb3UOmpYWvTZYDGpvWZ4O1MkJgB_gytGmOU669f_p-9_D5nXx-xHah-6KLvx5sLNwfpATTBxxiguQu5QHI_EbdpyP1EyGkikuzF8QHdiW5HgPwFknQH3A</recordid><startdate>20220531</startdate><enddate>20220531</enddate><creator>Huang, Yanqun</creator><creator>Zhang, Yi</creator><creator>Li, Xu</creator><creator>Zhang, Jie</creator><creator>Wang, Yuzhen</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-257X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220531</creationdate><title>The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters</title><author>Huang, Yanqun ; Zhang, Yi ; Li, Xu ; Zhang, Jie ; Wang, Yuzhen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-7e5da28bcfa29bc609ebc988c432bb440774c28c1c5ba4a3f6007fdfd39becd23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Asians</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Chinese literature</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Design</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>Entrance examinations</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Habits</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Orientation - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Yanqun</au><au>Zhang, Yi</au><au>Li, Xu</au><au>Zhang, Jie</au><au>Wang, Yuzhen</au><au>Ostadabbas, Sarah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-05-31</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0269255</spage><epage>e0269255</epage><pages>e0269255-e0269255</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Oriented lines impact human cognition subconsciously. This study aimed to determine whether line orientations in the background of Chinese written characters influenced individual's memory and emotion. Five pictures with Chinese characters as experimental material, in which four had equidistant parallel lines (0°, -45°, 90°, and +45°) as background and the other one had a blank background, were presented on a personal computer screen, for 15 seconds each, to 94 participants. The participants were then given 45 seconds to write down what they had just memorized. Participants' emotion was identified by their Heart Rate Variability (HRV) simultaneously during the viewing process. The results showed that vertical (90°) and 45° leftward leaning lines (-45°) did not weaken users' memory, and no significant difference in memory was found between these two states and the blank background, while horizontal (0°) and 45° rightward leaning lines (+45°) weakened the memory effect significantly. Overall, memory decreased in the condition of horizontally lined background while no influence in vertically lined background condition; and it showed asymmetry under leftward and rightward leaning line conditions: memory decreased in rightward leaning lined background while no influence in leftward lined background. Moreover, the results of emotion and memory showed negative similar trend. These findings provide practical suggestions for visual information design.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35639745</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0269255</doi><tpages>e0269255</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-257X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Asians Biology and Life Sciences China Chinese literature Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Design Emotions Entrance examinations Evaluation Experiments Habits Heart rate Humans Influence Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Older people Orientation - physiology Personal computers Reading Social Sciences Unconscious, Psychology |
| title | The subconscious impact of line orientations in background images on memory of Chinese written characters |
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