Hand hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers in Ethiopia
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still causing morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventive measures such as wearing a facemask, social distancing and hand hygiene continue to be the only options available in countries such as Ethiopia where vaccines are not yet widely available. Han...
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| description | Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still causing morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventive measures such as wearing a facemask, social distancing and hand hygiene continue to be the only options available in countries such as Ethiopia where vaccines are not yet widely available. Hand hygiene is one of the easiest and cheapest preventive measures, and one that is especially important for barbers and beauty salon workers who are widely exposed to the virus due to their contact with many customers. Therefore, measuring the proportion of good hand hygiene practices and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers may provide essential guidance in the development of effective interventions to improve COVID-19 prevention measures. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 barbers and beauty salon workers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town from January 5 to February 10, 2021. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Logistic regression analysis using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models was employed. From the bivariate analysis, variables with p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0269225 |
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Preventive measures such as wearing a facemask, social distancing and hand hygiene continue to be the only options available in countries such as Ethiopia where vaccines are not yet widely available. Hand hygiene is one of the easiest and cheapest preventive measures, and one that is especially important for barbers and beauty salon workers who are widely exposed to the virus due to their contact with many customers. Therefore, measuring the proportion of good hand hygiene practices and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers may provide essential guidance in the development of effective interventions to improve COVID-19 prevention measures. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 barbers and beauty salon workers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town from January 5 to February 10, 2021. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Logistic regression analysis using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models was employed. From the bivariate analysis, variables with p <0.25 were retained into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, from the multivariable analysis, variables that had a p-value < 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices. Of the total 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 52.9% [95% CI: 48.3-57.6] had good hand hygiene practices whereas 47.1% [95% CI: 42.4-51.7] had poor hand hygiene practices. From the total respondents, more than half 250 (61%) were male and 160 (39%) were female, with a mean age of 27.42 ±7.37 years. Out of 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 73.7% had good knowledge about COVID-19 and 59.5% had a positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19. Female sex (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI:1.29-3.65), educational level of college or above (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI:2.85-10.71), positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19 (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.46-4.17), belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI:2.18-6.55) and presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI:3.28-9.40) were factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices among barbers and beauty salon workers. The proportion of good hand hygiene practice was not sufficient to combat the virus. Good hand hygiene practice was higher among those with higher educational level, positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19, belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices, presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water and those of female sex. Thus, improving hand hygiene practices through continued training, especially for those with a lower educational level and for male workers, is recommended. Moreover, government and non-government organizations should work together to provide alcohol-based hand sanitizer at a low cost to those barbershops and beauty salons if there is no access to water and soap.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269225</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35776735</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Attitudes ; Beauty salons ; Beauty shops ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bivariate analysis ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Data collection ; Developing countries ; Disease control ; Disease prevention ; Disease transmission ; Education ; Females ; Hands ; Health aspects ; Hygiene ; Infections ; LDCs ; Males ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Morbidity ; Pandemics ; People and Places ; Personal hygiene ; Physical Sciences ; Population ; Public transportation ; Questionnaires ; Random sampling ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Safety and security measures ; Sample size ; Sampling techniques ; Sanitizers ; Sea level ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sex ; Soaps ; Social Sciences ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical sampling ; Supervisors ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; Viruses ; Washing ; Workers</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-07, Vol.17 (7), p.e0269225-e0269225</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Natnael et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Natnael et al 2022 Natnael et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7e9b78d8cff59eac7b37b34e7a8ecf0dc36eef6d4bab4c561728f51bb187f5a33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7e9b78d8cff59eac7b37b34e7a8ecf0dc36eef6d4bab4c561728f51bb187f5a33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7350-6983 ; 0000-0002-7039-4768</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249229/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249229/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Wilson, Kerry Sidwell</contributor><creatorcontrib>Natnael, Tarikuwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adane, Metadel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goraw, Solomon</creatorcontrib><title>Hand hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers in Ethiopia</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still causing morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventive measures such as wearing a facemask, social distancing and hand hygiene continue to be the only options available in countries such as Ethiopia where vaccines are not yet widely available. Hand hygiene is one of the easiest and cheapest preventive measures, and one that is especially important for barbers and beauty salon workers who are widely exposed to the virus due to their contact with many customers. Therefore, measuring the proportion of good hand hygiene practices and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers may provide essential guidance in the development of effective interventions to improve COVID-19 prevention measures. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 barbers and beauty salon workers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town from January 5 to February 10, 2021. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Logistic regression analysis using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models was employed. From the bivariate analysis, variables with p <0.25 were retained into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, from the multivariable analysis, variables that had a p-value < 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices. Of the total 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 52.9% [95% CI: 48.3-57.6] had good hand hygiene practices whereas 47.1% [95% CI: 42.4-51.7] had poor hand hygiene practices. From the total respondents, more than half 250 (61%) were male and 160 (39%) were female, with a mean age of 27.42 ±7.37 years. Out of 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 73.7% had good knowledge about COVID-19 and 59.5% had a positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19. Female sex (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI:1.29-3.65), educational level of college or above (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI:2.85-10.71), positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19 (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.46-4.17), belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI:2.18-6.55) and presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI:3.28-9.40) were factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices among barbers and beauty salon workers. The proportion of good hand hygiene practice was not sufficient to combat the virus. Good hand hygiene practice was higher among those with higher educational level, positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19, belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices, presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water and those of female sex. Thus, improving hand hygiene practices through continued training, especially for those with a lower educational level and for male workers, is recommended. Moreover, government and non-government organizations should work together to provide alcohol-based hand sanitizer at a low cost to those barbershops and beauty salons if there is no access to water and soap.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Beauty salons</subject><subject>Beauty shops</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bivariate analysis</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Hands</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>People and 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diseases</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Washing</topic><topic>Workers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Natnael, Tarikuwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adane, Metadel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goraw, Solomon</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids 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Metadel</au><au>Goraw, Solomon</au><au>Wilson, Kerry Sidwell</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hand hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers in Ethiopia</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2022-07-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0269225</spage><epage>e0269225</epage><pages>e0269225-e0269225</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still causing morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventive measures such as wearing a facemask, social distancing and hand hygiene continue to be the only options available in countries such as Ethiopia where vaccines are not yet widely available. Hand hygiene is one of the easiest and cheapest preventive measures, and one that is especially important for barbers and beauty salon workers who are widely exposed to the virus due to their contact with many customers. Therefore, measuring the proportion of good hand hygiene practices and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers may provide essential guidance in the development of effective interventions to improve COVID-19 prevention measures. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 barbers and beauty salon workers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town from January 5 to February 10, 2021. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Logistic regression analysis using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models was employed. From the bivariate analysis, variables with p <0.25 were retained into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, from the multivariable analysis, variables that had a p-value < 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices. Of the total 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 52.9% [95% CI: 48.3-57.6] had good hand hygiene practices whereas 47.1% [95% CI: 42.4-51.7] had poor hand hygiene practices. From the total respondents, more than half 250 (61%) were male and 160 (39%) were female, with a mean age of 27.42 ±7.37 years. Out of 410 barbers and beauty salon workers, 73.7% had good knowledge about COVID-19 and 59.5% had a positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19. Female sex (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI:1.29-3.65), educational level of college or above (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI:2.85-10.71), positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19 (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.46-4.17), belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI:2.18-6.55) and presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI:3.28-9.40) were factors significantly associated with good hand hygiene practices among barbers and beauty salon workers. The proportion of good hand hygiene practice was not sufficient to combat the virus. Good hand hygiene practice was higher among those with higher educational level, positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19, belief in the effectiveness of hand hygiene practices, presence of a hand-washing facility with soap and water and those of female sex. Thus, improving hand hygiene practices through continued training, especially for those with a lower educational level and for male workers, is recommended. Moreover, government and non-government organizations should work together to provide alcohol-based hand sanitizer at a low cost to those barbershops and beauty salons if there is no access to water and soap.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35776735</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0269225</doi><tpages>e0269225</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-6983</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-4768</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-07, Vol.17 (7), p.e0269225-e0269225 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2686273056 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Alcohol Attitudes Beauty salons Beauty shops Biology and Life Sciences Bivariate analysis Coronaviruses COVID-19 Data collection Developing countries Disease control Disease prevention Disease transmission Education Females Hands Health aspects Hygiene Infections LDCs Males Medicine and Health Sciences Morbidity Pandemics People and Places Personal hygiene Physical Sciences Population Public transportation Questionnaires Random sampling Regression analysis Regression models Safety and security measures Sample size Sampling techniques Sanitizers Sea level Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sex Soaps Social Sciences Statistical analysis Statistical sampling Supervisors Vaccines Viral diseases Viruses Washing Workers |
| title | Hand hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers in Ethiopia |
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