Down-expression of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance
Since the discovery of klotho as an anti-aging gene, its association with tumors has been studied. Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gla...
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| description | Since the discovery of klotho as an anti-aging gene, its association with tumors has been studied. Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0265248 |
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Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265248</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35666743</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aging ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Breast cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Colorectal cancer ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Gastric cancer ; Gene expression ; Genetic aspects ; Health aspects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Kidney cancer ; Kinases ; Klotho protein ; Laboratories ; Liver cancer ; Malignancy ; Mammary gland ; Mammary glands ; Medical prognosis ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; Polyclonal antibodies ; Proteins ; Surgery ; Survival ; Tumors ; Veterinary medicine</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-06, Vol.17 (6), p.e0265248-e0265248</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Chung et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Gastric cancer</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Insulin-like growth factors</subject><subject>Kidney cancer</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Klotho protein</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Malignancy</subject><subject>Mammary gland</subject><subject>Mammary glands</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medicine and Health 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Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chung, Heaji</au><au>Lee, Sungin</au><au>Kim, Geon A</au><au>Kim, Wan Hee</au><au>Thamm, Douglas H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Down-expression of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-06-06</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0265248</spage><epage>e0265248</epage><pages>e0265248-e0265248</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Since the discovery of klotho as an anti-aging gene, its association with tumors has been studied. Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35666743</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0265248</doi><tpages>e0265248</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-2036</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7467</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aging Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Breast cancer Cancer therapies Colorectal cancer Diagnosis Dogs Gastric cancer Gene expression Genetic aspects Health aspects Immunohistochemistry Insulin-like growth factors Kidney cancer Kinases Klotho protein Laboratories Liver cancer Malignancy Mammary gland Mammary glands Medical prognosis Medicine and Health Sciences Metastases Metastasis Polyclonal antibodies Proteins Surgery Survival Tumors Veterinary medicine |
| title | Down-expression of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance |
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