Yield optimization, microbial load analysis, and sensory evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) microgreens grown under greenhouse conditions
Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268085-e0268085 |
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| creator | Priti Sangwan, Seema Kukreja, Bharti Mishra, Gyan Prakash Dikshit, Harsh Kumar Singh, Ajeet Aski, Muraleedhar Kumar, Atul Taak, Yashpal Stobdan, Tsering Das, Shouvik Kumar, Ranjeet R Yadava, Devendra Kumar Praveen, Shelly Kumar, Shiv Nair, Ramakrishnan M |
| description | Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not detected; while TAB, Y&M, Shigella spp., and E. coli were recorded well within the limit to cause any human illness in the studied microgreens. Washing with double distilled water for two minutes has shown some reduction in the overall microbial load of these microgreens. The results provided evidence that microgreens if grown and stored properly, are generally safe for human consumption. This is the first study from India on the safety of mungbean, lentils, and Indian mustard microgreens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0268085 |
| format | Article |
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This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not detected; while TAB, Y&M, Shigella spp., and E. coli were recorded well within the limit to cause any human illness in the studied microgreens. Washing with double distilled water for two minutes has shown some reduction in the overall microbial load of these microgreens. The results provided evidence that microgreens if grown and stored properly, are generally safe for human consumption. This is the first study from India on the safety of mungbean, lentils, and Indian mustard microgreens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268085</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35609036</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Aerobic bacteria ; Bacteria ; Beans ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brassica ; Brassica juncea ; Distilled water ; E coli ; Escherichia coli ; Farming ; Harvest ; Lens culinaris ; Lentils ; Listeria ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microorganisms ; Mustard ; Optimization ; Planting ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Salmonella ; Seeds ; Sensory evaluation ; Shelf life ; Social Sciences ; Vegetables ; Vigna radiata ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268085-e0268085</ispartof><rights>2022 Priti et al. 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This is the first study from India on the safety of mungbean, lentils, and Indian mustard microgreens.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Aerobic bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Beans</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brassica</subject><subject>Brassica juncea</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Farming</subject><subject>Harvest</subject><subject>Lens culinaris</subject><subject>Lentils</subject><subject>Listeria</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mustard</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Planting</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Sensory evaluation</subject><subject>Shelf life</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Vigna 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generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not detected; while TAB, Y&M, Shigella spp., and E. coli were recorded well within the limit to cause any human illness in the studied microgreens. Washing with double distilled water for two minutes has shown some reduction in the overall microbial load of these microgreens. The results provided evidence that microgreens if grown and stored properly, are generally safe for human consumption. This is the first study from India on the safety of mungbean, lentils, and Indian mustard microgreens.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35609036</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0268085</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-7372</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-7313</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0645-0216</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-2638</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268085-e0268085 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2686259104 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Acids Aerobic bacteria Bacteria Beans Biology and Life Sciences Brassica Brassica juncea Distilled water E coli Escherichia coli Farming Harvest Lens culinaris Lentils Listeria Medicine and Health Sciences Microorganisms Mustard Optimization Planting Research and Analysis Methods Salmonella Seeds Sensory evaluation Shelf life Social Sciences Vegetables Vigna radiata Yeasts |
| title | Yield optimization, microbial load analysis, and sensory evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) microgreens grown under greenhouse conditions |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T15%3A29%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yield%20optimization,%20microbial%20load%20analysis,%20and%20sensory%20evaluation%20of%20mungbean%20(Vigna%20radiata%20L.),%20lentil%20(Lens%20culinaris%20subsp.%20culinaris),%20and%20Indian%20mustard%20(Brassica%20juncea%20L.)%20microgreens%20grown%20under%20greenhouse%20conditions&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Priti&rft.date=2022-05-24&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0268085&rft.epage=e0268085&rft.pages=e0268085-e0268085&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0268085&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2686259104%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2686259104&rft_id=info:pmid/35609036&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_13f68cac7cc644178055d337ba26b3e8&rfr_iscdi=true |