Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol
The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college stud...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0267555-e0267555 |
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| creator | Lim, Leonard Thomas S Regencia, Zypher Jude G Dela Cruz, J Rem C Ho, Frances Dominique V Rodolfo, Marcela S Ly-Uson, Josefina Baja, Emmanuel S |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students' mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.
Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20-40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student's mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.
Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0267555 |
| format | Article |
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Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20-40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student's mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.
Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267555</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35503779</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Anxiety ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; College students ; Colleges & universities ; Communicable Disease Control ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Digital media ; Distance learning ; Education, Distance ; Ethics ; Evaluation ; Genetics ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Humans ; Internet ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental depression ; Mental Health ; Mixed methods research ; Online education ; Pandemics ; Philippines - epidemiology ; Psychological aspects ; Psychological effects ; Quarantine ; Research ethics ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social discrimination learning ; Social Media ; Social networks ; Social Sciences ; Statistical models ; Students ; Students - psychology ; Study Protocol</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0267555-e0267555</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Lim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Lim et al 2022 Lim et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-586b8f8d9702d3b085f876f8be6ed9e347fe98211a001fb1d8b08193dce071333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-586b8f8d9702d3b085f876f8be6ed9e347fe98211a001fb1d8b08193dce071333</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3383-6336</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064082/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064082/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23871,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35503779$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Panada, Elisa</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lim, Leonard Thomas S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Regencia, Zypher Jude G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dela Cruz, J Rem C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Frances Dominique V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodolfo, Marcela S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ly-Uson, Josefina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baja, Emmanuel S</creatorcontrib><title>Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students' mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.
Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20-40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student's mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.
Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). 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epidemiology</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychological effects</subject><subject>Quarantine</subject><subject>Research ethics</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Social discrimination learning</subject><subject>Social Media</subject><subject>Social networks</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Students - psychology</subject><subject>Study Protocol</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1uL1DAYhoso7rr6D0QDC6KwM-YwbVMvhGE9DSyMeNjbkCZfplnSpjap7P4zf56Zwy4zshfSizbJ875p3nxflj0neEpYSd5e-XHopJv2voMppkWZ5_mD7JhUjE4KitnDve-j7EkIVxjnjBfF4-yI5TlmZVkdZ3_mIUAItluh2AACY0BF5M1mdL68XHyYkAr1stPQWnWGQmNNRNEj3znbAXIghy6pz1BCUPDKSoda0FaiMUCiNkYtdDHNNyBdbNbuyjsHK0AhjjqtBWS34NfGOtv3yTm8Q3PU2mvQkxZi4_WGvUH94KNP8qfZIyNdgGe790n289PHH-dfJhfLz4vz-cVEFZTGSc6LmhuuqxJTzWrMc8PLwvAaCtAVsFlpoOKUEIkxMTXRPDEpN60Al4QxdpK93Pr2zgexCz0IWvDkn5cp3JNssSW0l1eiH2wrhxvhpRWbCT-shByiVQ6E1MpQVhXFTMKskrquZboIUnKquKHlLHm93-021ilFlbIZpDswPVzpbCNW_reocDHDnCaD1zuDwf8aIUTR2qDAOdmBH9f_nVeUEZznCT39B73_dDtqJdMBbGd82letTcU8ZZqqqGRranoPlZ5N2aQKNTbNHwjeHAgSE-E6ruQYglh8__b_7PLykH21x24LLng3Ruu7cAjOtqAafAgDmLuQCRbrBrtNQ6wbTOwaLMle7F_Qnei2o9hf04ghcQ</recordid><startdate>20220503</startdate><enddate>20220503</enddate><creator>Lim, Leonard Thomas S</creator><creator>Regencia, Zypher Jude G</creator><creator>Dela Cruz, J Rem C</creator><creator>Ho, Frances Dominique V</creator><creator>Rodolfo, Marcela S</creator><creator>Ly-Uson, Josefina</creator><creator>Baja, Emmanuel S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-6336</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220503</creationdate><title>Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol</title><author>Lim, Leonard Thomas S ; Regencia, Zypher Jude G ; Dela Cruz, J Rem C ; Ho, Frances Dominique V ; Rodolfo, Marcela S ; Ly-Uson, Josefina ; Baja, Emmanuel S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-586b8f8d9702d3b085f876f8be6ed9e347fe98211a001fb1d8b08193dce071333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>College students</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Communicable Disease Control</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - 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In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students' mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.
Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20-40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student's mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.
Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35503779</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0267555</doi><tpages>e0267555</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-6336</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0267555-e0267555 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2686225720 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Anxiety Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment College students Colleges & universities Communicable Disease Control Computer and Information Sciences Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Digital media Distance learning Education, Distance Ethics Evaluation Genetics Health aspects Health risks Humans Internet Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental Health Mixed methods research Online education Pandemics Philippines - epidemiology Psychological aspects Psychological effects Quarantine Research ethics Risk analysis Risk factors SARS-CoV-2 Social discrimination learning Social Media Social networks Social Sciences Statistical models Students Students - psychology Study Protocol |
| title | Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-15T03%3A59%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic,%20shift%20to%20online%20learning,%20and%20social%20media%20use%20on%20the%20mental%20health%20of%20college%20students%20in%20the%20Philippines:%20A%20mixed-method%20study%20protocol&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Lim,%20Leonard%20Thomas%20S&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0267555&rft.epage=e0267555&rft.pages=e0267555-e0267555&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0267555&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA702377730%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2686225720&rft_id=info:pmid/35503779&rft_galeid=A702377730&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_adcf239664ae49adbba5031782c8f274&rfr_iscdi=true |