Free to choose: Mutualist motives for partner choice, proportional division, punishment, and help
Mutualism-the disposition to cooperate in ways that benefit both actor and recipient-has been proposed as a key construct in the evolution of cooperation, with distinct adaptations for 1) partner choice, 2) division, 3) punishment, and 4) helping. However, no psychological validation of this 4-fold...
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description | Mutualism-the disposition to cooperate in ways that benefit both actor and recipient-has been proposed as a key construct in the evolution of cooperation, with distinct adaptations for 1) partner choice, 2) division, 3) punishment, and 4) helping. However, no psychological validation of this 4-fold psychological structure exists, and no measure of the trait is available. To fill this need, in two pre-registered studies (total N = 902), we: (A) Develop and administer items assessing each of the four mutualist adaptations; (B) Show good fit to the predicted four factor model; (C) Demonstrate reliability and stability across time; (D) Evidence discriminant validity from existing constructs, including compassion and utilitarianism; (E) Establish external validity by predicting proportional choices in catch division, opposition to partner coercion, and reduced support for redistribution; and (F) Replicate each of these findings. Jointly, these results support the validity of mutualism, including a motive to maintain the freedom to choose, and provide reliable scales for use in integrating, further developing, and applying mutualism. |
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However, no psychological validation of this 4-fold psychological structure exists, and no measure of the trait is available. To fill this need, in two pre-registered studies (total N = 902), we: (A) Develop and administer items assessing each of the four mutualist adaptations; (B) Show good fit to the predicted four factor model; (C) Demonstrate reliability and stability across time; (D) Evidence discriminant validity from existing constructs, including compassion and utilitarianism; (E) Establish external validity by predicting proportional choices in catch division, opposition to partner coercion, and reduced support for redistribution; and (F) Replicate each of these findings. Jointly, these results support the validity of mutualism, including a motive to maintain the freedom to choose, and provide reliable scales for use in integrating, further developing, and applying mutualism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266735</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35511933</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cooperation ; Costs ; Engineering and Technology ; Morality ; Motivation ; Mutualism ; Punishment ; Reliability aspects ; Reproducibility of Results ; Science Policy ; Social Sciences ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Symbiosis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0266735-e0266735</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Lin, Bates. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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However, no psychological validation of this 4-fold psychological structure exists, and no measure of the trait is available. To fill this need, in two pre-registered studies (total N = 902), we: (A) Develop and administer items assessing each of the four mutualist adaptations; (B) Show good fit to the predicted four factor model; (C) Demonstrate reliability and stability across time; (D) Evidence discriminant validity from existing constructs, including compassion and utilitarianism; (E) Establish external validity by predicting proportional choices in catch division, opposition to partner coercion, and reduced support for redistribution; and (F) Replicate each of these findings. Jointly, these results support the validity of mutualism, including a motive to maintain the freedom to choose, and provide reliable scales for use in integrating, further developing, and applying mutualism.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cooperation</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Morality</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Mutualism</subject><subject>Punishment</subject><subject>Reliability aspects</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Science Policy</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Surveys and 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subjects | Adaptation Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Cooperation Costs Engineering and Technology Morality Motivation Mutualism Punishment Reliability aspects Reproducibility of Results Science Policy Social Sciences Surveys and Questionnaires Symbiosis |
title | Free to choose: Mutualist motives for partner choice, proportional division, punishment, and help |
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