Parasite load evaluation by qPCR and blood culture in Chagas disease and HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy
Chagas disease also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatominae-contaminated feces. It is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects 6 to 7 million people worldwide. The reactivation of Chagas disease occurs when the chronically infected...
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Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2022-03, Vol.16 (3), p.e0010317-e0010317 |
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creator | Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães de Almeida, Eros Antonio Delicio, Adriane Maira Pereira, Mariane Barroso Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva Martins, Luiz Cláudio Andrade, Paula Durante de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho |
description | Chagas disease also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatominae-contaminated feces. It is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects 6 to 7 million people worldwide. The reactivation of Chagas disease occurs when the chronically infected hosts are not able to control T. cruzi infection, generating recurrence of the acute phase. HIV is the main immunosuppressive infection that can lead to the reactivation of chronic Chagas disease in AIDS conditions. In co-infected patients, the reactivation of Chagas disease is related to their high parasite load, high HIV viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting less than 200/mm3, which may evolve to meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Eight T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ten Chagas disease patients without HIV infection that attended at Study Group of Chagas Disease, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Campinas (GEdoCh/HC/UNICAMP-SP) and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas SP (PUCC/SP) were evaluated. Tests for Chagas disease were performed, such as qPCR and T. cruzi blood culture. The patient's medical records were analyzed to verify clinical and epidemiological data, viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting since the outset of ART. For both groups, we found no statically significant differences between parasite load via blood culture and qPCR. In T. cruzi/HIV co-infected subjects, we observed a significant increase of CD4 T-cells counting and viral load decrease, which became undetectable over the years after ART. Parasites isolated from the patient's blood culture were genotyped, being the majority of them infected with TcII and one case of mixed infection (TcII and TcV/TcVI). These results were expected according to the region of origin of the patients. We suggest that the parasite load be monitored through qPCR in T.cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. We conclude that ART in people living with HIV improves infection and immunosuppression control, enabling the natural evolution of the American trypanosomiasis. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010317 |
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It is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects 6 to 7 million people worldwide. The reactivation of Chagas disease occurs when the chronically infected hosts are not able to control T. cruzi infection, generating recurrence of the acute phase. HIV is the main immunosuppressive infection that can lead to the reactivation of chronic Chagas disease in AIDS conditions. In co-infected patients, the reactivation of Chagas disease is related to their high parasite load, high HIV viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting less than 200/mm3, which may evolve to meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Eight T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ten Chagas disease patients without HIV infection that attended at Study Group of Chagas Disease, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Campinas (GEdoCh/HC/UNICAMP-SP) and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas SP (PUCC/SP) were evaluated. Tests for Chagas disease were performed, such as qPCR and T. cruzi blood culture. The patient's medical records were analyzed to verify clinical and epidemiological data, viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting since the outset of ART. For both groups, we found no statically significant differences between parasite load via blood culture and qPCR. In T. cruzi/HIV co-infected subjects, we observed a significant increase of CD4 T-cells counting and viral load decrease, which became undetectable over the years after ART. Parasites isolated from the patient's blood culture were genotyped, being the majority of them infected with TcII and one case of mixed infection (TcII and TcV/TcVI). These results were expected according to the region of origin of the patients. We suggest that the parasite load be monitored through qPCR in T.cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. We conclude that ART in people living with HIV improves infection and immunosuppression control, enabling the natural evolution of the American trypanosomiasis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010317</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35353834</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; Antiretroviral agents ; Antiretroviral drugs ; Antiretroviral therapy ; Antiviral agents ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood ; Blood Culture ; Care and treatment ; CD4 antigen ; Cell culture ; Chagas disease ; Chagas Disease - complications ; Chagas Disease - drug therapy ; Chagas Disease - parasitology ; Chronic infection ; Coinfection - parasitology ; Complications and side effects ; Diagnostic tests ; Disease prevention ; Dosage and administration ; Drug therapy ; Encephalitis ; Epidemiology ; Evaluation ; Heart diseases ; HIV ; HIV infection ; HIV Infections - complications ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; Hospitals ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunosuppression ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Lymphocytes T ; Medical records ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Meningitis ; Meningoencephalitis ; Methods ; Mixed infection ; Myocarditis ; Parasite Load ; Parasites ; Patients ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Protozoa ; Public health ; Risk factors ; Serology ; Therapy ; Tropical climate ; Tropical diseases ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; Trypanosomiasis ; Vector-borne diseases</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022-03, Vol.16 (3), p.e0010317-e0010317</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Marcon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Marcon et al 2022 Marcon et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-674c7d4c8e25adf8f203a3360ce2e3748ecf32ee479014ee3bdc88f76ba8e2223</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-0276-4285</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967039/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967039/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35353834$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Almeida, Eros Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delicio, Adriane Maira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Mariane Barroso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins, Luiz Cláudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Paula Durante</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho</creatorcontrib><title>Parasite load evaluation by qPCR and blood culture in Chagas disease and HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>Chagas disease also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatominae-contaminated feces. It is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects 6 to 7 million people worldwide. The reactivation of Chagas disease occurs when the chronically infected hosts are not able to control T. cruzi infection, generating recurrence of the acute phase. HIV is the main immunosuppressive infection that can lead to the reactivation of chronic Chagas disease in AIDS conditions. In co-infected patients, the reactivation of Chagas disease is related to their high parasite load, high HIV viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting less than 200/mm3, which may evolve to meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Eight T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ten Chagas disease patients without HIV infection that attended at Study Group of Chagas Disease, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Campinas (GEdoCh/HC/UNICAMP-SP) and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas SP (PUCC/SP) were evaluated. Tests for Chagas disease were performed, such as qPCR and T. cruzi blood culture. The patient's medical records were analyzed to verify clinical and epidemiological data, viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting since the outset of ART. For both groups, we found no statically significant differences between parasite load via blood culture and qPCR. In T. cruzi/HIV co-infected subjects, we observed a significant increase of CD4 T-cells counting and viral load decrease, which became undetectable over the years after ART. Parasites isolated from the patient's blood culture were genotyped, being the majority of them infected with TcII and one case of mixed infection (TcII and TcV/TcVI). These results were expected according to the region of origin of the patients. We suggest that the parasite load be monitored through qPCR in T.cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. We conclude that ART in people living with HIV improves infection and immunosuppression control, enabling the natural evolution of the American trypanosomiasis.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Antiretroviral agents</subject><subject>Antiretroviral drugs</subject><subject>Antiretroviral therapy</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood Culture</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Chagas disease</subject><subject>Chagas Disease - complications</subject><subject>Chagas Disease - drug therapy</subject><subject>Chagas Disease - parasitology</subject><subject>Chronic infection</subject><subject>Coinfection - parasitology</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Diagnostic tests</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Encephalitis</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV infection</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunosuppression</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Meningitis</subject><subject>Meningoencephalitis</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mixed infection</subject><subject>Myocarditis</subject><subject>Parasite Load</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Trypanosoma cruzi</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkl9rFDEUxQdRbF39BqIBQXzZNTPJ_MmLUBa1hYJF1NdwJ7nZTclOtkmmsC9-drPdaelKycMMmd85yT1ziuJtSRcla8vP134MA7jFdkh6QWlJWdk-K05Lwep51bL6-aP3k-JVjNeU1qLuypfFCavz6hg_Lf5eQYBoExLnQRO8BTdCsn4g_Y7cXC1_Ehg06Z33mqjRpTEgsQNZrmEFkWgbESLeMecXf4jyczsYVAk12WYbHFIk46AxZCTZgCn4WxvAkbTGANvd6-KFARfxzfScFb-_ff21PJ9f_vh-sTy7nKum4mnetFy1mqsOqxq06UxFGTDWUIUVspZ3qAyrEHkraMkRWa9V15m26SFLqorNivcH363zUU7RRVk1dVnWlOcsZsXFgdAeruU22A2EnfRg5d2GDysJIVnlUFIQtGHUoDCC973pDbTalBwqDVxUffb6Mp029hvUKseQZz4yPf4y2LVc-VvZiaalTGSDT5NB8DcjxiQ3Nip0Dgb04_7evO7qtu14Rj_8hz493UStIA-Q_5HP56q9qTxrhBBUNFWTqcUTVF4aN1b5AY3N-0eCj48EawSX1tG7cV-geAzyA6iCjzGgeQijpHJf5_tby32d5VTnLHv3OMgH0X1_2T9q5vOD</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa</creator><creator>Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães</creator><creator>de Almeida, Eros Antonio</creator><creator>Delicio, Adriane Maira</creator><creator>Pereira, Mariane Barroso</creator><creator>Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva</creator><creator>Martins, Luiz Cláudio</creator><creator>Andrade, Paula Durante</creator><creator>de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves</creator><creator>Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-4285</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Parasite load evaluation by qPCR and blood culture in Chagas disease and HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy</title><author>Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa ; Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães ; de Almeida, Eros Antonio ; Delicio, Adriane Maira ; Pereira, Mariane Barroso ; Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva ; Martins, Luiz Cláudio ; Andrade, Paula Durante ; de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves ; Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-674c7d4c8e25adf8f203a3360ce2e3748ecf32ee479014ee3bdc88f76ba8e2223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Antiretroviral agents</topic><topic>Antiretroviral drugs</topic><topic>Antiretroviral therapy</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood Culture</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Chagas disease</topic><topic>Chagas Disease - complications</topic><topic>Chagas Disease - drug therapy</topic><topic>Chagas Disease - parasitology</topic><topic>Chronic infection</topic><topic>Coinfection - parasitology</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Diagnostic tests</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Encephalitis</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV infection</topic><topic>HIV Infections - complications</topic><topic>HIV Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunosuppression</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Meningitis</topic><topic>Meningoencephalitis</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Mixed infection</topic><topic>Myocarditis</topic><topic>Parasite Load</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Therapy</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Trypanosoma cruzi</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Almeida, Eros Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delicio, Adriane Maira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Mariane Barroso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins, Luiz Cláudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Paula Durante</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marcon, Gláucia Elisete Barbosa</au><au>Ferreira, Juliana de Jesus Guimarães</au><au>de Almeida, Eros Antonio</au><au>Delicio, Adriane Maira</au><au>Pereira, Mariane Barroso</au><au>Wanderley, Jamiro da Silva</au><au>Martins, Luiz Cláudio</au><au>Andrade, Paula Durante</au><au>de Lima, Rodrigo Gonçalves</au><au>Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Parasite load evaluation by qPCR and blood culture in Chagas disease and HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0010317</spage><epage>e0010317</epage><pages>e0010317-e0010317</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>Chagas disease also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatominae-contaminated feces. It is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects 6 to 7 million people worldwide. The reactivation of Chagas disease occurs when the chronically infected hosts are not able to control T. cruzi infection, generating recurrence of the acute phase. HIV is the main immunosuppressive infection that can lead to the reactivation of chronic Chagas disease in AIDS conditions. In co-infected patients, the reactivation of Chagas disease is related to their high parasite load, high HIV viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting less than 200/mm3, which may evolve to meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Eight T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ten Chagas disease patients without HIV infection that attended at Study Group of Chagas Disease, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Campinas (GEdoCh/HC/UNICAMP-SP) and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas SP (PUCC/SP) were evaluated. Tests for Chagas disease were performed, such as qPCR and T. cruzi blood culture. The patient's medical records were analyzed to verify clinical and epidemiological data, viral load, and CD4 T-cell counting since the outset of ART. For both groups, we found no statically significant differences between parasite load via blood culture and qPCR. In T. cruzi/HIV co-infected subjects, we observed a significant increase of CD4 T-cells counting and viral load decrease, which became undetectable over the years after ART. Parasites isolated from the patient's blood culture were genotyped, being the majority of them infected with TcII and one case of mixed infection (TcII and TcV/TcVI). These results were expected according to the region of origin of the patients. We suggest that the parasite load be monitored through qPCR in T.cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. We conclude that ART in people living with HIV improves infection and immunosuppression control, enabling the natural evolution of the American trypanosomiasis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35353834</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0010317</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-4285</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1935-2735 |
ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022-03, Vol.16 (3), p.e0010317-e0010317 |
issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2651150438 |
source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Antiretroviral agents Antiretroviral drugs Antiretroviral therapy Antiviral agents Biology and Life Sciences Blood Blood Culture Care and treatment CD4 antigen Cell culture Chagas disease Chagas Disease - complications Chagas Disease - drug therapy Chagas Disease - parasitology Chronic infection Coinfection - parasitology Complications and side effects Diagnostic tests Disease prevention Dosage and administration Drug therapy Encephalitis Epidemiology Evaluation Heart diseases HIV HIV infection HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - drug therapy Hospitals Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune system Immunosuppression Infections Laboratories Lymphocytes T Medical records Medicine and Health Sciences Meningitis Meningoencephalitis Methods Mixed infection Myocarditis Parasite Load Parasites Patients Polymerase chain reaction Protozoa Public health Risk factors Serology Therapy Tropical climate Tropical diseases Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosomiasis Vector-borne diseases |
title | Parasite load evaluation by qPCR and blood culture in Chagas disease and HIV co-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-04T03%3A00%3A07IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parasite%20load%20evaluation%20by%20qPCR%20and%20blood%20culture%20in%20Chagas%20disease%20and%20HIV%20co-infected%20patients%20under%20antiretroviral%20therapy&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Marcon,%20Gl%C3%A1ucia%20Elisete%20Barbosa&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e0010317&rft.epage=e0010317&rft.pages=e0010317-e0010317&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010317&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA699909626%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2651150438&rft_id=info:pmid/35353834&rft_galeid=A699909626&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_0a90630fe9f94bbfbfa7df14a2da492b&rfr_iscdi=true |