Evaluation of maxillary and mandibular growth patterns with cephalometric analysis based on cervical vertebral maturation: A Japanese cross-sectional study
Appropriate maxillofacial growth and development evaluation is important for effective orthodontic treatment. Growth evaluation is based on physiological age determined by individual development, but not chronological age. One strategy for determining physiological age is using the cervical vertebra...
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| description | Appropriate maxillofacial growth and development evaluation is important for effective orthodontic treatment. Growth evaluation is based on physiological age determined by individual development, but not chronological age. One strategy for determining physiological age is using the cervical vertebral bone age.
This study aimed to clarify the standard size of the upper and lower jawbones in Japanese patients using the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as an index and clarify the growth pattern. And to use the cervical spine age as a diagnostic aid in orthodontic treatment.
Random sampling was performed from the outpatients who visited the Orthodontics department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, and 400 patients were enrolled before treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the height and length of the mandible and the maxilla length with cephalometric analysis. Standard values were calculated for each cervical-spine-age group to analyze changes during mandibular and maxillary growth. Furthermore, we compared the differences between males and females. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare cervical-spine-age groups, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The reliability of CVMS was confirmed by calculating the weighted kappa coefficient (κ).
κ for the degree of intra-evaluator agreement and the degree of the inter-evaluator agreement were calculated, and both indicated almost perfect agreement. We found that the distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) (i.e., ANS-PNS) increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III in males. The distance between Articulare (Ar) and Gonion (Go) (i.e., Ar-Go) and the distance between Go and Pogonion (Pog) (i.e., Go-Pog) increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in males.
The findings suggested that CVMS is a reliable indicator of the growth stage of the maxilla and mandible. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0265272 |
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This study aimed to clarify the standard size of the upper and lower jawbones in Japanese patients using the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as an index and clarify the growth pattern. And to use the cervical spine age as a diagnostic aid in orthodontic treatment.
Random sampling was performed from the outpatients who visited the Orthodontics department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, and 400 patients were enrolled before treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the height and length of the mandible and the maxilla length with cephalometric analysis. Standard values were calculated for each cervical-spine-age group to analyze changes during mandibular and maxillary growth. Furthermore, we compared the differences between males and females. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare cervical-spine-age groups, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The reliability of CVMS was confirmed by calculating the weighted kappa coefficient (κ).
κ for the degree of intra-evaluator agreement and the degree of the inter-evaluator agreement were calculated, and both indicated almost perfect agreement. We found that the distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) (i.e., ANS-PNS) increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III in males. The distance between Articulare (Ar) and Gonion (Go) (i.e., Ar-Go) and the distance between Go and Pogonion (Pog) (i.e., Go-Pog) increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in males.
The findings suggested that CVMS is a reliable indicator of the growth stage of the maxilla and mandible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265272</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35385488</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cephalometry ; Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging ; Chronology ; Craniofacial growth ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental materials ; Evaluation ; Female ; Growth ; Growth patterns ; Growth stage ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Males ; Mandible ; Mandible - diagnostic imaging ; Mathematical analysis ; Maturation ; Maxilla ; Maxilla - diagnostic imaging ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Orthodontics ; Patients ; Physiology ; Random sampling ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Spine ; Spine (cervical) ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical sampling ; Temporomandibular joint ; Vertebra ; Vertebrae</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0265272-e0265272</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Manabe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Manabe et al 2022 Manabe et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6072-73020677c942b3d5231f77cc0aaae2d0f27e9f60abeca54a33873218c408ab293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6072-73020677c942b3d5231f77cc0aaae2d0f27e9f60abeca54a33873218c408ab293</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9868-2211</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8985984/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8985984/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23871,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35385488$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Al-Moraissi, Essam</contributor><creatorcontrib>Manabe, Asuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishida, Takayoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanda, Eiichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ono, Takashi</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of maxillary and mandibular growth patterns with cephalometric analysis based on cervical vertebral maturation: A Japanese cross-sectional study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Appropriate maxillofacial growth and development evaluation is important for effective orthodontic treatment. Growth evaluation is based on physiological age determined by individual development, but not chronological age. One strategy for determining physiological age is using the cervical vertebral bone age.
This study aimed to clarify the standard size of the upper and lower jawbones in Japanese patients using the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as an index and clarify the growth pattern. And to use the cervical spine age as a diagnostic aid in orthodontic treatment.
Random sampling was performed from the outpatients who visited the Orthodontics department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, and 400 patients were enrolled before treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the height and length of the mandible and the maxilla length with cephalometric analysis. Standard values were calculated for each cervical-spine-age group to analyze changes during mandibular and maxillary growth. Furthermore, we compared the differences between males and females. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare cervical-spine-age groups, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The reliability of CVMS was confirmed by calculating the weighted kappa coefficient (κ).
κ for the degree of intra-evaluator agreement and the degree of the inter-evaluator agreement were calculated, and both indicated almost perfect agreement. We found that the distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) (i.e., ANS-PNS) increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III in males. The distance between Articulare (Ar) and Gonion (Go) (i.e., Ar-Go) and the distance between Go and Pogonion (Pog) (i.e., Go-Pog) increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in males.
The findings suggested that CVMS is a reliable indicator of the growth stage of the maxilla and mandible.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cephalometry</subject><subject>Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Chronology</subject><subject>Craniofacial growth</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Growth patterns</subject><subject>Growth stage</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mandible</subject><subject>Mandible - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Maturation</subject><subject>Maxilla</subject><subject>Maxilla - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Medicine and Health 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based on cervical vertebral maturation: A Japanese cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-04-06</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0265272</spage><epage>e0265272</epage><pages>e0265272-e0265272</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Appropriate maxillofacial growth and development evaluation is important for effective orthodontic treatment. Growth evaluation is based on physiological age determined by individual development, but not chronological age. One strategy for determining physiological age is using the cervical vertebral bone age.
This study aimed to clarify the standard size of the upper and lower jawbones in Japanese patients using the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as an index and clarify the growth pattern. And to use the cervical spine age as a diagnostic aid in orthodontic treatment.
Random sampling was performed from the outpatients who visited the Orthodontics department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, and 400 patients were enrolled before treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the height and length of the mandible and the maxilla length with cephalometric analysis. Standard values were calculated for each cervical-spine-age group to analyze changes during mandibular and maxillary growth. Furthermore, we compared the differences between males and females. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare cervical-spine-age groups, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The reliability of CVMS was confirmed by calculating the weighted kappa coefficient (κ).
κ for the degree of intra-evaluator agreement and the degree of the inter-evaluator agreement were calculated, and both indicated almost perfect agreement. We found that the distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) (i.e., ANS-PNS) increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III in males. The distance between Articulare (Ar) and Gonion (Go) (i.e., Ar-Go) and the distance between Go and Pogonion (Pog) (i.e., Go-Pog) increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in males.
The findings suggested that CVMS is a reliable indicator of the growth stage of the maxilla and mandible.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35385488</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0265272</doi><tpages>e0265272</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-2211</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Age Biology and Life Sciences Cephalometry Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging Chronology Craniofacial growth Cross-Sectional Studies Dental materials Evaluation Female Growth Growth patterns Growth stage Humans Japan Male Males Mandible Mandible - diagnostic imaging Mathematical analysis Maturation Maxilla Maxilla - diagnostic imaging Medicine and Health Sciences Orthodontics Patients Physiology Random sampling Reproducibility of Results Research and Analysis Methods Spine Spine (cervical) Statistical analysis Statistical sampling Temporomandibular joint Vertebra Vertebrae |
| title | Evaluation of maxillary and mandibular growth patterns with cephalometric analysis based on cervical vertebral maturation: A Japanese cross-sectional study |
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