Non-destructive comparative evaluation of fossil amber using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Fossilized plant resins, or ambers, offer a unique paleontological window into the history of life. A natural polymer, amber can preserve aspects of ancient environments, including whole organisms, for tens or even hundreds of millions of years. While most amber research involves imaging with visual...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e0262983-e0262983 |
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| creator | Barden, Phillip Sosiak, Christine E Grajales, Jonpierre Hawkins, John Rizzo, Louis Clark, Alexander Gatley, Samuel Gatley, Ian Federici, John |
| description | Fossilized plant resins, or ambers, offer a unique paleontological window into the history of life. A natural polymer, amber can preserve aspects of ancient environments, including whole organisms, for tens or even hundreds of millions of years. While most amber research involves imaging with visual light, other spectra are increasingly used to characterize both organismal inclusions as well as amber matrix. Terahertz (THz) radiation, which occupies the electromagnetic band between microwave and infrared light wavelengths, is non-ionizing and frequently used in polymer spectroscopy. Here, we evaluate the utility of amber terahertz spectroscopy in a comparative setting for the first time by analyzing the terahertz optical properties of samples from 10 fossil deposits ranging in age from the Miocene to the Early Cretaceous. We recover no clear relationships between amber age or botanical source and terahertz permittivity; however, we do find apparent deposit-specific permittivity among transparent amber samples. By comparing the suitability of multiple permittivity models across sample data we find that models with a distribution of dielectric relaxation times best describe the spectral permittivity of amber. We also demonstrate a process for imaging amber inclusions using terahertz transmission and find that terahertz spectroscopy can be used to identify some synthetic amber forgeries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0262983 |
| format | Article |
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A natural polymer, amber can preserve aspects of ancient environments, including whole organisms, for tens or even hundreds of millions of years. While most amber research involves imaging with visual light, other spectra are increasingly used to characterize both organismal inclusions as well as amber matrix. Terahertz (THz) radiation, which occupies the electromagnetic band between microwave and infrared light wavelengths, is non-ionizing and frequently used in polymer spectroscopy. Here, we evaluate the utility of amber terahertz spectroscopy in a comparative setting for the first time by analyzing the terahertz optical properties of samples from 10 fossil deposits ranging in age from the Miocene to the Early Cretaceous. We recover no clear relationships between amber age or botanical source and terahertz permittivity; however, we do find apparent deposit-specific permittivity among transparent amber samples. By comparing the suitability of multiple permittivity models across sample data we find that models with a distribution of dielectric relaxation times best describe the spectral permittivity of amber. We also demonstrate a process for imaging amber inclusions using terahertz transmission and find that terahertz spectroscopy can be used to identify some synthetic amber forgeries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262983</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35353830</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amber ; Amber - chemistry ; Auroral kilometric radiation ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Comparative analysis ; Cretaceous ; Dielectric relaxation ; Earth Sciences ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Engineering and Technology ; Fossils ; Inclusions ; Infrared radiation ; Mass spectrometry ; Medical imaging ; Microscopy ; Miocene ; Museums ; Natural polymers ; Nondestructive testing ; Optical properties ; Paleontology ; Paleontology - methods ; Permittivity ; Physical Sciences ; Physics ; Plant fossils ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Radiation ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Resins ; Resins, Plant ; Scientific imaging ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Terahertz Spectroscopy ; Wavelengths</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e0262983-e0262983</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Barden et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Barden et al 2022 Barden et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a645t-edd6179b84a2aa8131ca1320fbd252f04987705294834c4e41dcbd41bcaf173</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a645t-edd6179b84a2aa8131ca1320fbd252f04987705294834c4e41dcbd41bcaf173</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6277-320X ; 0000-0002-1703-3672</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967008/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967008/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35353830$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Ostroverkhova, Oksana</contributor><creatorcontrib>Barden, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sosiak, Christine E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grajales, Jonpierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzo, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gatley, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gatley, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Federici, John</creatorcontrib><title>Non-destructive comparative evaluation of fossil amber using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Fossilized plant resins, or ambers, offer a unique paleontological window into the history of life. 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By comparing the suitability of multiple permittivity models across sample data we find that models with a distribution of dielectric relaxation times best describe the spectral permittivity of amber. We also demonstrate a process for imaging amber inclusions using terahertz transmission and find that terahertz spectroscopy can be used to identify some synthetic amber forgeries.</description><subject>Amber</subject><subject>Amber - chemistry</subject><subject>Auroral kilometric radiation</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Cretaceous</subject><subject>Dielectric relaxation</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electromagnetic radiation</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Infrared radiation</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Miocene</subject><subject>Museums</subject><subject>Natural polymers</subject><subject>Nondestructive testing</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Paleontology</subject><subject>Paleontology - 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comparative evaluation of fossil amber using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy</title><author>Barden, Phillip ; Sosiak, Christine E ; Grajales, Jonpierre ; Hawkins, John ; Rizzo, Louis ; Clark, Alexander ; Gatley, Samuel ; Gatley, Ian ; Federici, John</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a645t-edd6179b84a2aa8131ca1320fbd252f04987705294834c4e41dcbd41bcaf173</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Amber</topic><topic>Amber - chemistry</topic><topic>Auroral kilometric radiation</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Cretaceous</topic><topic>Dielectric relaxation</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electromagnetic radiation</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Infrared radiation</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Medical 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John</au><au>Rizzo, Louis</au><au>Clark, Alexander</au><au>Gatley, Samuel</au><au>Gatley, Ian</au><au>Federici, John</au><au>Ostroverkhova, Oksana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-destructive comparative evaluation of fossil amber using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-03-30</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0262983</spage><epage>e0262983</epage><pages>e0262983-e0262983</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Fossilized plant resins, or ambers, offer a unique paleontological window into the history of life. A natural polymer, amber can preserve aspects of ancient environments, including whole organisms, for tens or even hundreds of millions of years. While most amber research involves imaging with visual light, other spectra are increasingly used to characterize both organismal inclusions as well as amber matrix. Terahertz (THz) radiation, which occupies the electromagnetic band between microwave and infrared light wavelengths, is non-ionizing and frequently used in polymer spectroscopy. Here, we evaluate the utility of amber terahertz spectroscopy in a comparative setting for the first time by analyzing the terahertz optical properties of samples from 10 fossil deposits ranging in age from the Miocene to the Early Cretaceous. We recover no clear relationships between amber age or botanical source and terahertz permittivity; however, we do find apparent deposit-specific permittivity among transparent amber samples. By comparing the suitability of multiple permittivity models across sample data we find that models with a distribution of dielectric relaxation times best describe the spectral permittivity of amber. We also demonstrate a process for imaging amber inclusions using terahertz transmission and find that terahertz spectroscopy can be used to identify some synthetic amber forgeries.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35353830</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0262983</doi><tpages>e0262983</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-320X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-3672</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amber Amber - chemistry Auroral kilometric radiation Biology and Life Sciences Comparative analysis Cretaceous Dielectric relaxation Earth Sciences Electromagnetic radiation Engineering and Technology Fossils Inclusions Infrared radiation Mass spectrometry Medical imaging Microscopy Miocene Museums Natural polymers Nondestructive testing Optical properties Paleontology Paleontology - methods Permittivity Physical Sciences Physics Plant fossils Polymerization Polymers Radiation Research and Analysis Methods Resins Resins, Plant Scientific imaging Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Terahertz Spectroscopy Wavelengths |
| title | Non-destructive comparative evaluation of fossil amber using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy |
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