Evaluating the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination amongst kidney transplant recipients at a single nephrology centre
Kidney transplant recipients are highly vulnerable to the serious complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infections and thus stand to benefit from vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the effectiveness of available vaccines as this group of pati...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e0265130 |
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| creator | Chukwu, Chukwuma A Mahmood, Kassir Elmakki, Safa Gorton, Julie Kalra, Phillip A Poulikakos, Dimitrios Middleton, Rachel |
| description | Kidney transplant recipients are highly vulnerable to the serious complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infections and thus stand to benefit from vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the effectiveness of available vaccines as this group of patients was not represented in the randomized trials.
A total of 707 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients in a single center in the United Kingdom were evaluated. 373 were confirmed to have received two doses of either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and subsequently had SARS-COV-2 antibody testing were included in the final analysis. Participants were excluded from the analysis if they had a previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection or were seropositive for SARS-COV-2 antibody pre-vaccination. Multivariate and propensity score analyses were performed to identify the predictors of antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccines. The primary outcome was seroconversion rates following two vaccine doses.
Antibody responders were 56.8% (212/373) and non-responders 43.2% (161/373). Antibody response was associated with greater estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate [odds ratio (OR), for every 10 ml/min/1.73m2 = 1.40 (1.19-1.66), P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0265130 |
| format | Article |
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A total of 707 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients in a single center in the United Kingdom were evaluated. 373 were confirmed to have received two doses of either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and subsequently had SARS-COV-2 antibody testing were included in the final analysis. Participants were excluded from the analysis if they had a previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection or were seropositive for SARS-COV-2 antibody pre-vaccination. Multivariate and propensity score analyses were performed to identify the predictors of antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccines. The primary outcome was seroconversion rates following two vaccine doses.
Antibody responders were 56.8% (212/373) and non-responders 43.2% (161/373). Antibody response was associated with greater estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate [odds ratio (OR), for every 10 ml/min/1.73m2 = 1.40 (1.19-1.66), P<0.001] whereas, non-response was associated with mycophenolic acid immunosuppression [OR, 0.02(0.01-0.11), p<0.001] and increasing age [OR per 10year increase, 0.61(0.48-0.78), p<0.001]. In the propensity-score analysis of four treatment variables (vaccine type, mycophenolic acid, corticosteroid, and triple immunosuppression), only mycophenolic acid was significantly associated with vaccine response [adjusted OR by PSA 0.17 (0.07-0.41): p<0.001]. 22 SARS-COV-2 infections were recorded in our cohort following vaccination. 17(77%) infections, with 3 deaths, occurred in the non-responder group. No death occurred in the responder group.
Vaccine response in allograft recipients after two doses of SARS-COV-2 vaccine is poor compared to the general population. Maintenance with mycophenolic acid appears to have the strongest negative impact on vaccine response.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265130</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35271655</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Antibody Formation - immunology ; Antibody response ; Antigens ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cardiovascular disease ; Clinical trials ; Cohort Studies ; Complications ; Coronaviruses ; Corticosteroids ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology ; Data collection ; Drug dosages ; Evaluation ; Female ; Health aspects ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoassay ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Infections ; Kidney diseases ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney transplants ; Kidneys ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mycophenolic acid ; Nephrology ; Organ transplant recipients ; Population ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Seroconversion ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Transplant Recipients - statistics & numerical data ; United Kingdom ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Variables ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e0265130</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Chukwu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Chukwu et al 2022 Chukwu et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8b620cce2f566b6b3c013dfa1fceafe4f3b724bf0202702871629577127b9d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8b620cce2f566b6b3c013dfa1fceafe4f3b724bf0202702871629577127b9d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9488-2256</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912185/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912185/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35271655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chukwu, Chukwuma A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Kassir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elmakki, Safa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorton, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalra, Phillip A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poulikakos, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middleton, Rachel</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination amongst kidney transplant recipients at a single nephrology centre</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Kidney transplant recipients are highly vulnerable to the serious complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infections and thus stand to benefit from vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the effectiveness of available vaccines as this group of patients was not represented in the randomized trials.
A total of 707 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients in a single center in the United Kingdom were evaluated. 373 were confirmed to have received two doses of either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and subsequently had SARS-COV-2 antibody testing were included in the final analysis. Participants were excluded from the analysis if they had a previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection or were seropositive for SARS-COV-2 antibody pre-vaccination. Multivariate and propensity score analyses were performed to identify the predictors of antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccines. The primary outcome was seroconversion rates following two vaccine doses.
Antibody responders were 56.8% (212/373) and non-responders 43.2% (161/373). Antibody response was associated with greater estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate [odds ratio (OR), for every 10 ml/min/1.73m2 = 1.40 (1.19-1.66), P<0.001] whereas, non-response was associated with mycophenolic acid immunosuppression [OR, 0.02(0.01-0.11), p<0.001] and increasing age [OR per 10year increase, 0.61(0.48-0.78), p<0.001]. In the propensity-score analysis of four treatment variables (vaccine type, mycophenolic acid, corticosteroid, and triple immunosuppression), only mycophenolic acid was significantly associated with vaccine response [adjusted OR by PSA 0.17 (0.07-0.41): p<0.001]. 22 SARS-COV-2 infections were recorded in our cohort following vaccination. 17(77%) infections, with 3 deaths, occurred in the non-responder group. No death occurred in the responder group.
Vaccine response in allograft recipients after two doses of SARS-COV-2 vaccine is poor compared to the general population. Maintenance with mycophenolic acid appears to have the strongest negative impact on vaccine response.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Antibody Formation - immunology</subject><subject>Antibody response</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Corticosteroids</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Immunosuppression</subject><subject>Immunosuppression Therapy</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Kidney diseases</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation</subject><subject>Kidney transplants</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mycophenolic acid</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Organ transplant recipients</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Seroconversion</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Transplant Recipients - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk19v0zAUxSMEYmPwDRBYQkLwkOI_iZO8IFXVgEqTJq1or5bj3KQuqZ3FTkUf-O64azY1aA8oD4ns3znX98Q3it4SPCMsI182duiNbGedNTDDlKeE4WfROSkYjTnF7PnJ91n0yrkNxinLOX8ZnbGUZoSn6Xn053In20F6bRrk14Ck8bq01R714IKzA-QtWs1vVvHi-jamaCeV0ibw1iC5taZxHv3SlYE98r00rmuDQxAr3Wkw3iHpkUQu2LeADHTr3ra22SMVNnt4Hb2oZevgzfi-iFbfLn8ufsRX19-Xi_lVrHhBfZyXoQmlgNYp5yUvmcKEVbUktQJZQ1KzMqNJWWOKaYZpHnqjRZplhGZlUbGL6P3RtWutE2NuTlDOcowxISwQyyNRWbkRXa-3st8LK7W4X7B9I2TvtWpB4LoouKQJEF4lOS9LqHOWVwXkJea0PHh9HasN5Raq-0ZlOzGd7hi9Fo3dibwglORpMPg0GvT2bgDnxVY7BW1IFuxwPHdGQ7EioB_-QZ_ubqQaGRrQprahrjqYijkvOGNJyCxQsyeo8FSw1SpcslqH9Yng80QQGA-_fSMH58RydfP_7PXtlP14wq5Btn7tbDsc7pybgskRVL11rof6MWSCxWFGHtIQhxkR44wE2bvTH_QoehgK9hc82Q0D</recordid><startdate>20220310</startdate><enddate>20220310</enddate><creator>Chukwu, Chukwuma A</creator><creator>Mahmood, Kassir</creator><creator>Elmakki, Safa</creator><creator>Gorton, Julie</creator><creator>Kalra, Phillip A</creator><creator>Poulikakos, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Middleton, Rachel</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-2256</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220310</creationdate><title>Evaluating the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination amongst kidney transplant recipients at a single nephrology centre</title><author>Chukwu, Chukwuma A ; Mahmood, Kassir ; Elmakki, Safa ; Gorton, Julie ; Kalra, Phillip A ; Poulikakos, Dimitrios ; Middleton, Rachel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8b620cce2f566b6b3c013dfa1fceafe4f3b724bf0202702871629577127b9d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - 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immunology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Seroconversion</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Transplant Recipients - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>United Kingdom</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chukwu, Chukwuma A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Kassir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elmakki, Safa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorton, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalra, Phillip A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poulikakos, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middleton, Rachel</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chukwu, Chukwuma A</au><au>Mahmood, Kassir</au><au>Elmakki, Safa</au><au>Gorton, Julie</au><au>Kalra, Phillip A</au><au>Poulikakos, Dimitrios</au><au>Middleton, Rachel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluating the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination amongst kidney transplant recipients at a single nephrology centre</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-03-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0265130</spage><pages>e0265130-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Kidney transplant recipients are highly vulnerable to the serious complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infections and thus stand to benefit from vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the effectiveness of available vaccines as this group of patients was not represented in the randomized trials.
A total of 707 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients in a single center in the United Kingdom were evaluated. 373 were confirmed to have received two doses of either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and subsequently had SARS-COV-2 antibody testing were included in the final analysis. Participants were excluded from the analysis if they had a previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection or were seropositive for SARS-COV-2 antibody pre-vaccination. Multivariate and propensity score analyses were performed to identify the predictors of antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccines. The primary outcome was seroconversion rates following two vaccine doses.
Antibody responders were 56.8% (212/373) and non-responders 43.2% (161/373). Antibody response was associated with greater estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate [odds ratio (OR), for every 10 ml/min/1.73m2 = 1.40 (1.19-1.66), P<0.001] whereas, non-response was associated with mycophenolic acid immunosuppression [OR, 0.02(0.01-0.11), p<0.001] and increasing age [OR per 10year increase, 0.61(0.48-0.78), p<0.001]. In the propensity-score analysis of four treatment variables (vaccine type, mycophenolic acid, corticosteroid, and triple immunosuppression), only mycophenolic acid was significantly associated with vaccine response [adjusted OR by PSA 0.17 (0.07-0.41): p<0.001]. 22 SARS-COV-2 infections were recorded in our cohort following vaccination. 17(77%) infections, with 3 deaths, occurred in the non-responder group. No death occurred in the responder group.
Vaccine response in allograft recipients after two doses of SARS-COV-2 vaccine is poor compared to the general population. Maintenance with mycophenolic acid appears to have the strongest negative impact on vaccine response.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35271655</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0265130</doi><tpages>e0265130</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-2256</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-03, Vol.17 (3), p.e0265130 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2638000113 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adult Aged Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antibody Formation - immunology Antibody response Antigens Biology Biology and Life Sciences Cardiovascular disease Clinical trials Cohort Studies Complications Coronaviruses Corticosteroids COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Data collection Drug dosages Evaluation Female Health aspects Hospitals Humans Immunization Immunoassay Immunosuppression Immunosuppression Therapy Infections Kidney diseases Kidney Transplantation Kidney transplants Kidneys Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mycophenolic acid Nephrology Organ transplant recipients Population SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Seroconversion Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Transplant Recipients - statistics & numerical data United Kingdom Vaccination Vaccines Variables Viral diseases |
| title | Evaluating the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination amongst kidney transplant recipients at a single nephrology centre |
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