A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula
Khat is a flowering plant with stimulant effect on the nervous system and produce psychological dependence. Despite its harmful effects, the ingestion of khat has been part of cultural norms and the legality of khat varies by region. This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the availabl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263372 |
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| creator | Fiidow, Osman Abubakar Minhat, Halimatus Sakdiah Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd Ahmad, Norliza |
| description | Khat is a flowering plant with stimulant effect on the nervous system and produce psychological dependence. Despite its harmful effects, the ingestion of khat has been part of cultural norms and the legality of khat varies by region.
This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the risk factors of khat chewing among adolescents.
A systematic review was conducted on published research studies from five databases Scopus, PubMed, Science-direct, Ovid and google scholar using keywords khat chewing OR qat chewing AND associated factors OR risk factors OR contributing factors AND adolescents OR teenagers. Articles included were either cross-sectional, cohort, case-control or qualitative studies which were published between the year 1990 till present. Excluded articles were the non-English written articles, descriptive studies and irrelevant topics being studied.
Out of 2617 records identified and screened, six were included for the analysis and interpretation of the data. All included studies were cross-sectional study design. All six studies reported having family members who chewed khat significantly predict khat chewing among adolescents, followed by five articles for friends or peers who also chewed khat and four articles for male gender. Smoking was also found to have the highest odds (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 12.95-25.72) for khat chewing among adolescents.
The review highlights the crucial role of family members, friends or peers and male gender to predict khat chewing among adolescents. Effectiveness of health promotion programs to educate and reduce khat chewing among adolescents will require active participation of family members and friends. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0263372 |
| format | Article |
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This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the risk factors of khat chewing among adolescents.
A systematic review was conducted on published research studies from five databases Scopus, PubMed, Science-direct, Ovid and google scholar using keywords khat chewing OR qat chewing AND associated factors OR risk factors OR contributing factors AND adolescents OR teenagers. Articles included were either cross-sectional, cohort, case-control or qualitative studies which were published between the year 1990 till present. Excluded articles were the non-English written articles, descriptive studies and irrelevant topics being studied.
Out of 2617 records identified and screened, six were included for the analysis and interpretation of the data. All included studies were cross-sectional study design. All six studies reported having family members who chewed khat significantly predict khat chewing among adolescents, followed by five articles for friends or peers who also chewed khat and four articles for male gender. Smoking was also found to have the highest odds (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 12.95-25.72) for khat chewing among adolescents.
The review highlights the crucial role of family members, friends or peers and male gender to predict khat chewing among adolescents. Effectiveness of health promotion programs to educate and reduce khat chewing among adolescents will require active participation of family members and friends.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263372</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35113927</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Africa ; Age groups ; Amphetamines ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Catha - adverse effects ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Chewing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Female ; Flowering ; Friends ; Gender ; Health promotion ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Ingestion ; Male ; Males ; Mastication ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nervous system ; Norms ; People and Places ; Qat ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Reviews ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Secondary school students ; Smoking and youth ; Social Sciences ; Students ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Teenagers ; Youth market</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263372</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Fiidow et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Fiidow et al 2022 Fiidow et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3947864d8a17aee07d689ec8f3416e50dce9f0bd9a227e7b8f1f78a33e3cbc3a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3947864d8a17aee07d689ec8f3416e50dce9f0bd9a227e7b8f1f78a33e3cbc3a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812941/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812941/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113927$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fiidow, Osman Abubakar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minhat, Halimatus Sakdiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Norliza</creatorcontrib><title>A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Khat is a flowering plant with stimulant effect on the nervous system and produce psychological dependence. Despite its harmful effects, the ingestion of khat has been part of cultural norms and the legality of khat varies by region.
This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the risk factors of khat chewing among adolescents.
A systematic review was conducted on published research studies from five databases Scopus, PubMed, Science-direct, Ovid and google scholar using keywords khat chewing OR qat chewing AND associated factors OR risk factors OR contributing factors AND adolescents OR teenagers. Articles included were either cross-sectional, cohort, case-control or qualitative studies which were published between the year 1990 till present. Excluded articles were the non-English written articles, descriptive studies and irrelevant topics being studied.
Out of 2617 records identified and screened, six were included for the analysis and interpretation of the data. All included studies were cross-sectional study design. All six studies reported having family members who chewed khat significantly predict khat chewing among adolescents, followed by five articles for friends or peers who also chewed khat and four articles for male gender. Smoking was also found to have the highest odds (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 12.95-25.72) for khat chewing among adolescents.
The review highlights the crucial role of family members, friends or peers and male gender to predict khat chewing among adolescents. Effectiveness of health promotion programs to educate and reduce khat chewing among adolescents will require active participation of family members and friends.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Amphetamines</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Catha - adverse effects</subject><subject>Central Nervous System Stimulants</subject><subject>Chewing</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Friends</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mastication</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Norms</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Qat</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Secondary school students</subject><subject>Smoking and youth</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fiidow, Osman Abubakar</au><au>Minhat, Halimatus Sakdiah</au><au>Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd</au><au>Ahmad, Norliza</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-02-03</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0263372</spage><pages>e0263372-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Khat is a flowering plant with stimulant effect on the nervous system and produce psychological dependence. Despite its harmful effects, the ingestion of khat has been part of cultural norms and the legality of khat varies by region.
This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the risk factors of khat chewing among adolescents.
A systematic review was conducted on published research studies from five databases Scopus, PubMed, Science-direct, Ovid and google scholar using keywords khat chewing OR qat chewing AND associated factors OR risk factors OR contributing factors AND adolescents OR teenagers. Articles included were either cross-sectional, cohort, case-control or qualitative studies which were published between the year 1990 till present. Excluded articles were the non-English written articles, descriptive studies and irrelevant topics being studied.
Out of 2617 records identified and screened, six were included for the analysis and interpretation of the data. All included studies were cross-sectional study design. All six studies reported having family members who chewed khat significantly predict khat chewing among adolescents, followed by five articles for friends or peers who also chewed khat and four articles for male gender. Smoking was also found to have the highest odds (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 12.95-25.72) for khat chewing among adolescents.
The review highlights the crucial role of family members, friends or peers and male gender to predict khat chewing among adolescents. Effectiveness of health promotion programs to educate and reduce khat chewing among adolescents will require active participation of family members and friends.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35113927</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0263372</doi><tpages>e0263372</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Africa Age groups Amphetamines Biology and Life Sciences Catha - adverse effects Central Nervous System Stimulants Chewing Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Female Flowering Friends Gender Health promotion Health sciences Humans Ingestion Male Males Mastication Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Nervous system Norms People and Places Qat Research and Analysis Methods Reviews Risk analysis Risk Factors Secondary school students Smoking and youth Social Sciences Students Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Teenagers Youth market |
| title | A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula |
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