Occurrence and spatial distribution of heavy metals in landfill leachates and impacted freshwater ecosystem: An environmental and human health threat
Municipal landfill leachates are a source of toxic heavy metals that have been shown to have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in leachates, surface water, and sediments from non-sanitary landfills in Uyo, Nigeria, and to i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263279 |
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| creator | Essien, Joseph P Ikpe, Donald I Inam, Edu D Okon, Aniefiokmkpong O Ebong, Godwin A Benson, Nsikak U |
| description | Municipal landfill leachates are a source of toxic heavy metals that have been shown to have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in leachates, surface water, and sediments from non-sanitary landfills in Uyo, Nigeria, and to identify potential health and environmental effects of leachate contamination. Over the wet and dry seasons, surface water and sediment samples were collected from an impacted freshwater ecosystem, and leachates samples from six monitoring wells. Elemental analyses of samples were conducted following standard analytical procedures and methods. The results indicated that leachate, surface water, and sediment samples all had elevated levels of heavy metals, implying a significant impact from landfills. Pollution indices such as the potential ecological risk index (PERI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and Nemerov pollution index (NPI) were used to assess the ecological impacts of landfill leachates. The following values were derived: PERI (29.09), PLI (1.96E-07), Cd (0.13), mCd (0.16), EF (0.97-1.79E-03), Igeo (0), and NPI (0.74). Pollution indicators suggested that the sediment samples were low to moderately polluted by chemical contaminants from the non-sanitary landfills, and may pose negative risks due to bioaccumulation. Human health risks were also assessed using standard risk models. For adults, children, and kids, the incremental lifetime cancer rate (ILCR) values were within the acceptable range of 1.00E-06-1.00E-04. The lifetime carcinogenicity risks associated with oral ingestion exposure to heavy metals were 9.09E-05, 1.21E-05, and 3.60 E-05 for kids, adults, and children, respectively. The mean cumulative risk values for dermal exposures were 3.24E-07, 1.89E-06, and 1.17E-05 for adults, children, and kids, respectively. These findings emphasized the risks of human and biota exposure to contaminants from landfills. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0263279 |
| format | Article |
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This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in leachates, surface water, and sediments from non-sanitary landfills in Uyo, Nigeria, and to identify potential health and environmental effects of leachate contamination. Over the wet and dry seasons, surface water and sediment samples were collected from an impacted freshwater ecosystem, and leachates samples from six monitoring wells. Elemental analyses of samples were conducted following standard analytical procedures and methods. The results indicated that leachate, surface water, and sediment samples all had elevated levels of heavy metals, implying a significant impact from landfills. Pollution indices such as the potential ecological risk index (PERI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and Nemerov pollution index (NPI) were used to assess the ecological impacts of landfill leachates. The following values were derived: PERI (29.09), PLI (1.96E-07), Cd (0.13), mCd (0.16), EF (0.97-1.79E-03), Igeo (0), and NPI (0.74). Pollution indicators suggested that the sediment samples were low to moderately polluted by chemical contaminants from the non-sanitary landfills, and may pose negative risks due to bioaccumulation. Human health risks were also assessed using standard risk models. For adults, children, and kids, the incremental lifetime cancer rate (ILCR) values were within the acceptable range of 1.00E-06-1.00E-04. The lifetime carcinogenicity risks associated with oral ingestion exposure to heavy metals were 9.09E-05, 1.21E-05, and 3.60 E-05 for kids, adults, and children, respectively. The mean cumulative risk values for dermal exposures were 3.24E-07, 1.89E-06, and 1.17E-05 for adults, children, and kids, respectively. These findings emphasized the risks of human and biota exposure to contaminants from landfills.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263279</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35113945</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Bioaccumulation ; Biodegradation ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biota ; Cadmium ; Carcinogenicity ; Carcinogens ; Chemical compounds ; Chemical contaminants ; Chemical pollution ; Chemistry ; Children ; Cluster Analysis ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Decomposition ; Developing countries ; Distribution ; Dry season ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological risk assessment ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental effects ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental health ; Environmental impact ; Environmental indicators ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental Pollutants ; Exposure ; Fresh Water ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Geologic Sediments ; Geospatial data ; Groundwater ; Hazardous materials ; Hazardous substances ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Humans ; Ingestion ; Landfill ; Landfills ; LDCs ; Leachates ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metals, Heavy ; Methods ; Microorganisms ; Municipal landfills ; Municipal solid waste ; Nigeria ; Physical Sciences ; Pollution ; Pollution index ; Pollution indicators ; Pollution load ; Pollution monitoring ; Principal Component Analysis ; Public health ; Rainy season ; Refuse and refuse disposal ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Sanitary landfills ; Sediment pollution ; Sediment samplers ; Sediments ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Spatial distribution ; Surface water ; Waste Disposal Facilities ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263279</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Essien et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Essien et al 2022 Essien et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-e0758a5da159616dfca7f5e07a6af48badf5c36fcc4cbb0c48d89268bd187ce73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-e0758a5da159616dfca7f5e07a6af48badf5c36fcc4cbb0c48d89268bd187ce73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1285-579X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812908/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812908/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113945$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Zhu, Xiaoshan</contributor><creatorcontrib>Essien, Joseph P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikpe, Donald I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inam, Edu D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okon, Aniefiokmkpong O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebong, Godwin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Nsikak U</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence and spatial distribution of heavy metals in landfill leachates and impacted freshwater ecosystem: An environmental and human health threat</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Municipal landfill leachates are a source of toxic heavy metals that have been shown to have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in leachates, surface water, and sediments from non-sanitary landfills in Uyo, Nigeria, and to identify potential health and environmental effects of leachate contamination. Over the wet and dry seasons, surface water and sediment samples were collected from an impacted freshwater ecosystem, and leachates samples from six monitoring wells. Elemental analyses of samples were conducted following standard analytical procedures and methods. The results indicated that leachate, surface water, and sediment samples all had elevated levels of heavy metals, implying a significant impact from landfills. Pollution indices such as the potential ecological risk index (PERI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and Nemerov pollution index (NPI) were used to assess the ecological impacts of landfill leachates. The following values were derived: PERI (29.09), PLI (1.96E-07), Cd (0.13), mCd (0.16), EF (0.97-1.79E-03), Igeo (0), and NPI (0.74). Pollution indicators suggested that the sediment samples were low to moderately polluted by chemical contaminants from the non-sanitary landfills, and may pose negative risks due to bioaccumulation. Human health risks were also assessed using standard risk models. For adults, children, and kids, the incremental lifetime cancer rate (ILCR) values were within the acceptable range of 1.00E-06-1.00E-04. The lifetime carcinogenicity risks associated with oral ingestion exposure to heavy metals were 9.09E-05, 1.21E-05, and 3.60 E-05 for kids, adults, and children, respectively. The mean cumulative risk values for dermal exposures were 3.24E-07, 1.89E-06, and 1.17E-05 for adults, children, and kids, respectively. These findings emphasized the risks of human and biota exposure to contaminants from landfills.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carcinogenicity</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Chemical contaminants</subject><subject>Chemical pollution</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Dry season</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecological risk assessment</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental indicators</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Freshwater ecosystems</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments</subject><subject>Geospatial data</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hazardous materials</subject><subject>Hazardous substances</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Landfill</subject><subject>Landfills</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Municipal landfills</subject><subject>Municipal solid waste</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Pollution indicators</subject><subject>Pollution load</subject><subject>Pollution monitoring</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Refuse and refuse disposal</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sanitary landfills</subject><subject>Sediment pollution</subject><subject>Sediment samplers</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Essien, Joseph P</au><au>Ikpe, Donald I</au><au>Inam, Edu D</au><au>Okon, Aniefiokmkpong O</au><au>Ebong, Godwin A</au><au>Benson, Nsikak U</au><au>Zhu, Xiaoshan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence and spatial distribution of heavy metals in landfill leachates and impacted freshwater ecosystem: An environmental and human health threat</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-02-03</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0263279</spage><pages>e0263279-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Municipal landfill leachates are a source of toxic heavy metals that have been shown to have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess heavy metal contamination in leachates, surface water, and sediments from non-sanitary landfills in Uyo, Nigeria, and to identify potential health and environmental effects of leachate contamination. Over the wet and dry seasons, surface water and sediment samples were collected from an impacted freshwater ecosystem, and leachates samples from six monitoring wells. Elemental analyses of samples were conducted following standard analytical procedures and methods. The results indicated that leachate, surface water, and sediment samples all had elevated levels of heavy metals, implying a significant impact from landfills. Pollution indices such as the potential ecological risk index (PERI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and Nemerov pollution index (NPI) were used to assess the ecological impacts of landfill leachates. The following values were derived: PERI (29.09), PLI (1.96E-07), Cd (0.13), mCd (0.16), EF (0.97-1.79E-03), Igeo (0), and NPI (0.74). Pollution indicators suggested that the sediment samples were low to moderately polluted by chemical contaminants from the non-sanitary landfills, and may pose negative risks due to bioaccumulation. Human health risks were also assessed using standard risk models. For adults, children, and kids, the incremental lifetime cancer rate (ILCR) values were within the acceptable range of 1.00E-06-1.00E-04. The lifetime carcinogenicity risks associated with oral ingestion exposure to heavy metals were 9.09E-05, 1.21E-05, and 3.60 E-05 for kids, adults, and children, respectively. The mean cumulative risk values for dermal exposures were 3.24E-07, 1.89E-06, and 1.17E-05 for adults, children, and kids, respectively. These findings emphasized the risks of human and biota exposure to contaminants from landfills.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35113945</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0263279</doi><tpages>e0263279</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-579X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0263279 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2625264934 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adults Aquatic ecosystems Bioaccumulation Biodegradation Biology and Life Sciences Biota Cadmium Carcinogenicity Carcinogens Chemical compounds Chemical contaminants Chemical pollution Chemistry Children Cluster Analysis Contaminants Contamination Decomposition Developing countries Distribution Dry season Earth Sciences Ecological risk assessment Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Environmental aspects Environmental effects Environmental Exposure Environmental health Environmental impact Environmental indicators Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Pollutants Exposure Fresh Water Freshwater ecosystems Geologic Sediments Geospatial data Groundwater Hazardous materials Hazardous substances Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Humans Ingestion Landfill Landfills LDCs Leachates Medicine and Health Sciences Metals, Heavy Methods Microorganisms Municipal landfills Municipal solid waste Nigeria Physical Sciences Pollution Pollution index Pollution indicators Pollution load Pollution monitoring Principal Component Analysis Public health Rainy season Refuse and refuse disposal Risk Risk Assessment Sanitary landfills Sediment pollution Sediment samplers Sediments Soil Soil Pollutants - analysis Spatial distribution Surface water Waste Disposal Facilities Water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
| title | Occurrence and spatial distribution of heavy metals in landfill leachates and impacted freshwater ecosystem: An environmental and human health threat |
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