Hospitalization costs for COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Empirical data and analysis from Addis Ababa's largest dedicated treatment center
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound health, economic, and social disruptions globally. We assessed the full costs of hospitalization for COVID-19 disease at Ekka Kotebe COVID-19 treatment center in Addis Ababa, the largest hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patient care in Ethiopia. We retrospecti...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0260930-e0260930 |
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| creator | Memirie, Solomon Tessema Yigezu, Amanuel Zewdie, Samuel Abera Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H Bolongaita, Sarah Verguet, Stéphane |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound health, economic, and social disruptions globally. We assessed the full costs of hospitalization for COVID-19 disease at Ekka Kotebe COVID-19 treatment center in Addis Ababa, the largest hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patient care in Ethiopia.
We retrospectively collected and analysed clinical and cost data on patients admitted to Ekka Kotebe with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections. Cost data included personnel time and salaries, drugs, medical supplies and equipment, facility utilities, and capital costs. Facility medical records were reviewed to assess the average duration of stay by disease severity (either moderate, severe, or critical). The data collected covered the time-period March-November 2020. We then estimated the cost per treated COVID-19 episode, stratified by disease severity, from the perspective of the provider. Over the study period there were 2,543 COVID-19 cases treated at Ekka Kotebe, of which, 235 were critical, 515 were severe, and 1,841 were moderate. The mean patient duration of stay varied from 9.2 days (95% CI: 7.6-10.9; for moderate cases) to 19.2 days (17.9-20.6; for critical cases). The mean cost per treated episode was USD 1,473 (95% CI: 1,197-1,750), but cost varied by disease severity: the mean cost for moderate, severe, and critical cases were USD 1,266 (998-1,534), USD 1,545 (1,413-1,677), and USD 2,637 (1,788-3,486), respectively.
Clinical management and treatment of COVID-19 patients poses an enormous economic burden to the Ethiopian health system. Such estimates of COVID-19 treatment costs inform financial implications for resource-constrained health systems and reinforce the urgency of implementing effective infection prevention and control policies, including the rapid rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, in low-income countries like Ethiopia. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0260930 |
| format | Article |
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We retrospectively collected and analysed clinical and cost data on patients admitted to Ekka Kotebe with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections. Cost data included personnel time and salaries, drugs, medical supplies and equipment, facility utilities, and capital costs. Facility medical records were reviewed to assess the average duration of stay by disease severity (either moderate, severe, or critical). The data collected covered the time-period March-November 2020. We then estimated the cost per treated COVID-19 episode, stratified by disease severity, from the perspective of the provider. Over the study period there were 2,543 COVID-19 cases treated at Ekka Kotebe, of which, 235 were critical, 515 were severe, and 1,841 were moderate. The mean patient duration of stay varied from 9.2 days (95% CI: 7.6-10.9; for moderate cases) to 19.2 days (17.9-20.6; for critical cases). The mean cost per treated episode was USD 1,473 (95% CI: 1,197-1,750), but cost varied by disease severity: the mean cost for moderate, severe, and critical cases were USD 1,266 (998-1,534), USD 1,545 (1,413-1,677), and USD 2,637 (1,788-3,486), respectively.
Clinical management and treatment of COVID-19 patients poses an enormous economic burden to the Ethiopian health system. Such estimates of COVID-19 treatment costs inform financial implications for resource-constrained health systems and reinforce the urgency of implementing effective infection prevention and control policies, including the rapid rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, in low-income countries like Ethiopia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260930</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35061674</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology and Life Sciences ; Capital costs ; Capital Expenditures - statistics & numerical data ; Case management ; Coronaviruses ; Cost analysis ; Cost assessments ; Cost of Illness ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - economics ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - therapy ; COVID-19 diagnostic tests ; COVID-19 vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines - economics ; Disease prevention ; Economic aspects ; Empirical analysis ; Engineering and Technology ; Epidemics ; Equipment costs ; Ethiopia ; Ethiopia - epidemiology ; Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data ; Health Facilities ; Health services ; Hospital care ; Hospitalization - economics ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Infections ; Informal economy ; Intensive care ; Laboratories ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medical equipment ; Medical personnel ; Medical records ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mortality ; Pandemics ; Patients ; People and Places ; Population ; Public health ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Sciences ; Statistics ; Supplies ; System effectiveness ; Vaccines ; Ventilators ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0260930-e0260930</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Memirie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Memirie et al 2022 Memirie et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d27cc81d2211c57f6b613e65293065e39d6bd6d844e0e9455cc565dc2889ad063</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d27cc81d2211c57f6b613e65293065e39d6bd6d844e0e9455cc565dc2889ad063</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3806-2453</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782501/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782501/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35061674$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Memirie, Solomon Tessema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yigezu, Amanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zewdie, Samuel Abera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolongaita, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verguet, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><title>Hospitalization costs for COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Empirical data and analysis from Addis Ababa's largest dedicated treatment center</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound health, economic, and social disruptions globally. We assessed the full costs of hospitalization for COVID-19 disease at Ekka Kotebe COVID-19 treatment center in Addis Ababa, the largest hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patient care in Ethiopia.
We retrospectively collected and analysed clinical and cost data on patients admitted to Ekka Kotebe with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections. Cost data included personnel time and salaries, drugs, medical supplies and equipment, facility utilities, and capital costs. Facility medical records were reviewed to assess the average duration of stay by disease severity (either moderate, severe, or critical). The data collected covered the time-period March-November 2020. We then estimated the cost per treated COVID-19 episode, stratified by disease severity, from the perspective of the provider. Over the study period there were 2,543 COVID-19 cases treated at Ekka Kotebe, of which, 235 were critical, 515 were severe, and 1,841 were moderate. The mean patient duration of stay varied from 9.2 days (95% CI: 7.6-10.9; for moderate cases) to 19.2 days (17.9-20.6; for critical cases). The mean cost per treated episode was USD 1,473 (95% CI: 1,197-1,750), but cost varied by disease severity: the mean cost for moderate, severe, and critical cases were USD 1,266 (998-1,534), USD 1,545 (1,413-1,677), and USD 2,637 (1,788-3,486), respectively.
Clinical management and treatment of COVID-19 patients poses an enormous economic burden to the Ethiopian health system. 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epidemiology</subject><subject>Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Health Facilities</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Hospital care</subject><subject>Hospitalization - economics</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Informal economy</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical care, Cost of</subject><subject>Medical equipment</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Supplies</subject><subject>System effectiveness</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Ventilators</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBYQuLjosV2YifmAqkqg1WaNImP3VqnttN6cuLOdhDjjn-Os3bTinaBosSW87yv8574FMVzgqekrMn7Cz-EHtx043szxZRjUeIHxSERJZ1wisuHd-YHxZMYLzBmZcP54-KgZJgTXleHxZ8THzc2gbO_IVnfI-Vjiqj1Ac3PzhefJkQg26PjtLZ-Y-EDOu42NlgFDmlIgKDX-QZ3FW1WBd-hmdZ5OlvCEt5E5CCsTExIG51FyWiUgoHUmT4hlR8mPC0eteCiebYbj4ofn4-_z08mp2dfFvPZ6URxQdNE01qphmhKCVGsbvmSk9JwRnNszkwpNF9qrpuqMtiIijGlGGda0aYRoDEvj4qXW9-N81Huqhcl5ZQIUlecZmKxJbSHC7kJtoNwJT1Yeb3gw0pCSFY5I5uypY3QbduKpmrFEkrV6ArXmONGVFRlr4-73YZlZ_QYNYDbM91_09u1XPmfsqkbyjDJBm93BsFfDrmEsrNRGeegN364_m46ZqvGZK_-Qe9Pt6NWkAPYvvV5XzWayhkXGAsmGMvU9B4qX9p0VuWj1tq8vid4tyfITDK_0gqGGOXi29f_Z8_O99nXd9i1AZfW0bthPKRxH6y2oAo-xmDa2yITLMdOuamGHDtF7joly17c_UG3opvWKP8CHSANYw</recordid><startdate>20220121</startdate><enddate>20220121</enddate><creator>Memirie, Solomon Tessema</creator><creator>Yigezu, Amanuel</creator><creator>Zewdie, Samuel Abera</creator><creator>Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H</creator><creator>Bolongaita, Sarah</creator><creator>Verguet, Stéphane</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-2453</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220121</creationdate><title>Hospitalization costs for COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Empirical data and analysis from Addis Ababa's largest dedicated treatment center</title><author>Memirie, Solomon Tessema ; Yigezu, Amanuel ; Zewdie, Samuel Abera ; Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H ; Bolongaita, Sarah ; Verguet, Stéphane</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d27cc81d2211c57f6b613e65293065e39d6bd6d844e0e9455cc565dc2889ad063</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Capital costs</topic><topic>Capital Expenditures - 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We assessed the full costs of hospitalization for COVID-19 disease at Ekka Kotebe COVID-19 treatment center in Addis Ababa, the largest hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patient care in Ethiopia.
We retrospectively collected and analysed clinical and cost data on patients admitted to Ekka Kotebe with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections. Cost data included personnel time and salaries, drugs, medical supplies and equipment, facility utilities, and capital costs. Facility medical records were reviewed to assess the average duration of stay by disease severity (either moderate, severe, or critical). The data collected covered the time-period March-November 2020. We then estimated the cost per treated COVID-19 episode, stratified by disease severity, from the perspective of the provider. Over the study period there were 2,543 COVID-19 cases treated at Ekka Kotebe, of which, 235 were critical, 515 were severe, and 1,841 were moderate. The mean patient duration of stay varied from 9.2 days (95% CI: 7.6-10.9; for moderate cases) to 19.2 days (17.9-20.6; for critical cases). The mean cost per treated episode was USD 1,473 (95% CI: 1,197-1,750), but cost varied by disease severity: the mean cost for moderate, severe, and critical cases were USD 1,266 (998-1,534), USD 1,545 (1,413-1,677), and USD 2,637 (1,788-3,486), respectively.
Clinical management and treatment of COVID-19 patients poses an enormous economic burden to the Ethiopian health system. Such estimates of COVID-19 treatment costs inform financial implications for resource-constrained health systems and reinforce the urgency of implementing effective infection prevention and control policies, including the rapid rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, in low-income countries like Ethiopia.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35061674</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0260930</doi><tpages>e0260930</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-2453</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2621917462 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Biology and Life Sciences Capital costs Capital Expenditures - statistics & numerical data Case management Coronaviruses Cost analysis Cost assessments Cost of Illness COVID-19 COVID-19 - economics COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - therapy COVID-19 diagnostic tests COVID-19 vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines - economics Disease prevention Economic aspects Empirical analysis Engineering and Technology Epidemics Equipment costs Ethiopia Ethiopia - epidemiology Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data Health Facilities Health services Hospital care Hospitalization - economics Hospitals Humans Illnesses Infections Informal economy Intensive care Laboratories Medical care, Cost of Medical equipment Medical personnel Medical records Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Pandemics Patients People and Places Population Public health Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severity of Illness Index Social Sciences Statistics Supplies System effectiveness Vaccines Ventilators Viral diseases |
| title | Hospitalization costs for COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Empirical data and analysis from Addis Ababa's largest dedicated treatment center |
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