Pro-active monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults' mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis
The COVID-19 epidemic in Italy has severely affected people aged more than 80, especially socially isolated. Aim of this paper is to assess whether a social and health program reduced mortality associated to the epidemic. An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0261523-e0261523 |
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| creator | Liotta, Giuseppe Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo Marazzi, Maria Cristina Madaro, Olga Inzerilli, Maria Chiara D'Amico, Margherita Orlando, Stefano Scarcella, Paola Terracciano, Elisa Gentili, Susanna Palombi, Leonardo |
| description | The COVID-19 epidemic in Italy has severely affected people aged more than 80, especially socially isolated. Aim of this paper is to assess whether a social and health program reduced mortality associated to the epidemic.
An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80 years in three Italian cities has been carried out to compare death rate of the general population and "Long Live the Elderly!" (LLE) program. Parametric and non-parametric tests have been performed to assess differences of means between the two populations. A multivariable analysis to assess the impact of covariates on weekly mortality has been carried out by setting up a linear mixed model.
The total number of services delivered to the LLE population (including phone calls and home visits) was 34,528, 1 every 20 day per person on average, one every 15 days during March and April. From January to April 2019, the same population received one service every 41 days on average, without differences between January-February and March-April. The January-April 2020 cumulative crude death rate was 34.8‰ (9,718 deaths out of 279,249 individuals; CI95%: 34.1-35.5) and 28.9‰ (166 deaths out of 5,727 individuals; CI95%:24.7-33.7) for the general population and the LLE sample respectively. The general population weekly death rate increased after the 11th calendar week that was not the case among the LLE program participants (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261523 |
| format | Article |
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An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80 years in three Italian cities has been carried out to compare death rate of the general population and "Long Live the Elderly!" (LLE) program. Parametric and non-parametric tests have been performed to assess differences of means between the two populations. A multivariable analysis to assess the impact of covariates on weekly mortality has been carried out by setting up a linear mixed model.
The total number of services delivered to the LLE population (including phone calls and home visits) was 34,528, 1 every 20 day per person on average, one every 15 days during March and April. From January to April 2019, the same population received one service every 41 days on average, without differences between January-February and March-April. The January-April 2020 cumulative crude death rate was 34.8‰ (9,718 deaths out of 279,249 individuals; CI95%: 34.1-35.5) and 28.9‰ (166 deaths out of 5,727 individuals; CI95%:24.7-33.7) for the general population and the LLE sample respectively. The general population weekly death rate increased after the 11th calendar week that was not the case among the LLE program participants (p<0.001). The Standardized Mortality Ratio was 0.83; (CI95%: 0.71-0.97). Mortality adjusted for age, gender, COVID-19 weekly incidence and prevalence of people living in nursing homes was lower in the LLE program than in the general population (p<0.001).
LLE program is likely to limit mortality associated with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to establish whether it is due to the impact of social care that allows a better clients' adherence to the recommendations of physical distancing or to an improved surveillance of older adults that prevents negative outcomes associated with COVID-19.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261523</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35061710</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; Cities ; Cohort analysis ; Community Health Services - ethics ; Community Health Services - organization & administration ; Control ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - mortality ; COVID-19 - psychology ; Death ; Demographic aspects ; Disease transmission ; Earth Sciences ; Epidemics ; Fatalities ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health promotion ; Homes for the Aged - ethics ; Homes for the Aged - organization & administration ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infections ; Italy - epidemiology ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic - methods ; Mortality ; Nursing homes ; Nursing Homes - ethics ; Nursing Homes - organization & administration ; Older people ; People and Places ; Physical Distancing ; Population ; Preventive medicine ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Social aspects ; Social Isolation - psychology ; Social networks ; Social Sciences ; Survival Analysis ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0261523-e0261523</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Liotta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Liotta et al 2022 Liotta et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-17f71a5aa20bf10840a628ae005b74800dec8fc8589db060876ca8967b5bc7bd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-17f71a5aa20bf10840a628ae005b74800dec8fc8589db060876ca8967b5bc7bd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7690-2129 ; 0000-0002-3319-7925 ; 0000-0001-9706-4075 ; 0000-0002-1990-1816</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782360/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782360/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35061710$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Cheong, Siew Ann</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liotta, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marazzi, Maria Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madaro, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inzerilli, Maria Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Amico, Margherita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orlando, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarcella, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terracciano, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentili, Susanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palombi, Leonardo</creatorcontrib><title>Pro-active monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults' mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The COVID-19 epidemic in Italy has severely affected people aged more than 80, especially socially isolated. Aim of this paper is to assess whether a social and health program reduced mortality associated to the epidemic.
An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80 years in three Italian cities has been carried out to compare death rate of the general population and "Long Live the Elderly!" (LLE) program. Parametric and non-parametric tests have been performed to assess differences of means between the two populations. A multivariable analysis to assess the impact of covariates on weekly mortality has been carried out by setting up a linear mixed model.
The total number of services delivered to the LLE population (including phone calls and home visits) was 34,528, 1 every 20 day per person on average, one every 15 days during March and April. From January to April 2019, the same population received one service every 41 days on average, without differences between January-February and March-April. The January-April 2020 cumulative crude death rate was 34.8‰ (9,718 deaths out of 279,249 individuals; CI95%: 34.1-35.5) and 28.9‰ (166 deaths out of 5,727 individuals; CI95%:24.7-33.7) for the general population and the LLE sample respectively. The general population weekly death rate increased after the 11th calendar week that was not the case among the LLE program participants (p<0.001). The Standardized Mortality Ratio was 0.83; (CI95%: 0.71-0.97). Mortality adjusted for age, gender, COVID-19 weekly incidence and prevalence of people living in nursing homes was lower in the LLE program than in the general population (p<0.001).
LLE program is likely to limit mortality associated with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to establish whether it is due to the impact of social care that allows a better clients' adherence to the recommendations of physical distancing or to an improved surveillance of older adults that prevents negative outcomes associated with COVID-19.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Community Health Services - ethics</subject><subject>Community Health Services - organization & administration</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - mortality</subject><subject>COVID-19 - psychology</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Homes for the Aged - ethics</subject><subject>Homes for the Aged - organization & administration</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Italy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Monitoring, Physiologic - methods</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nursing homes</subject><subject>Nursing Homes - ethics</subject><subject>Nursing Homes - organization & administration</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Distancing</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Social Isolation - psychology</subject><subject>Social networks</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><subject>Viral 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monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults' mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis</title><author>Liotta, Giuseppe ; Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo ; Marazzi, Maria Cristina ; Madaro, Olga ; Inzerilli, Maria Chiara ; D'Amico, Margherita ; Orlando, Stefano ; Scarcella, Paola ; Terracciano, Elisa ; Gentili, Susanna ; Palombi, Leonardo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-17f71a5aa20bf10840a628ae005b74800dec8fc8589db060876ca8967b5bc7bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Community Health Services - ethics</topic><topic>Community Health Services - organization 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Margherita</au><au>Orlando, Stefano</au><au>Scarcella, Paola</au><au>Terracciano, Elisa</au><au>Gentili, Susanna</au><au>Palombi, Leonardo</au><au>Cheong, Siew Ann</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pro-active monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults' mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-01-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0261523</spage><epage>e0261523</epage><pages>e0261523-e0261523</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The COVID-19 epidemic in Italy has severely affected people aged more than 80, especially socially isolated. Aim of this paper is to assess whether a social and health program reduced mortality associated to the epidemic.
An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80 years in three Italian cities has been carried out to compare death rate of the general population and "Long Live the Elderly!" (LLE) program. Parametric and non-parametric tests have been performed to assess differences of means between the two populations. A multivariable analysis to assess the impact of covariates on weekly mortality has been carried out by setting up a linear mixed model.
The total number of services delivered to the LLE population (including phone calls and home visits) was 34,528, 1 every 20 day per person on average, one every 15 days during March and April. From January to April 2019, the same population received one service every 41 days on average, without differences between January-February and March-April. The January-April 2020 cumulative crude death rate was 34.8‰ (9,718 deaths out of 279,249 individuals; CI95%: 34.1-35.5) and 28.9‰ (166 deaths out of 5,727 individuals; CI95%:24.7-33.7) for the general population and the LLE sample respectively. The general population weekly death rate increased after the 11th calendar week that was not the case among the LLE program participants (p<0.001). The Standardized Mortality Ratio was 0.83; (CI95%: 0.71-0.97). Mortality adjusted for age, gender, COVID-19 weekly incidence and prevalence of people living in nursing homes was lower in the LLE program than in the general population (p<0.001).
LLE program is likely to limit mortality associated with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to establish whether it is due to the impact of social care that allows a better clients' adherence to the recommendations of physical distancing or to an improved surveillance of older adults that prevents negative outcomes associated with COVID-19.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35061710</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261523</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-2129</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-7925</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-4075</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-1816</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0261523-e0261523 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2621915298 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adults Aged Aged, 80 and over Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Cities Cohort analysis Community Health Services - ethics Community Health Services - organization & administration Control Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - mortality COVID-19 - psychology Death Demographic aspects Disease transmission Earth Sciences Epidemics Fatalities Female Health aspects Health care Health promotion Homes for the Aged - ethics Homes for the Aged - organization & administration Humans Incidence Infections Italy - epidemiology Male Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Monitoring, Physiologic - methods Mortality Nursing homes Nursing Homes - ethics Nursing Homes - organization & administration Older people People and Places Physical Distancing Population Preventive medicine Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Social aspects Social Isolation - psychology Social networks Social Sciences Survival Analysis Viral diseases |
| title | Pro-active monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults' mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis |
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