A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms
In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Follow...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0262425-e0262425 |
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| creator | Lim, Kahui Rolston, Matthew Barnum, Samantha Wademan, Cara Leverenz, Harold |
| description | In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area. |
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Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262425</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35030221</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bacilli ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bathroom Equipment - microbiology ; Biofilms ; Biogeography ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomineralization ; Biomineralization - genetics ; California - epidemiology ; Causes of ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Drainage systems ; Drainage, Sanitary - methods ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Environment ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental engineering ; Enzymes ; Epidemiology ; Genera ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods ; Humans ; Identification and classification ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbial colonies ; Microbiota - genetics ; Microorganisms ; Mineralization ; Phylogeny ; Physical Sciences ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Relative abundance ; RNA sequencing ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Roadside rest areas ; rRNA 16S ; Sampling ; Sanitary ware ; Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods ; Sewer systems ; Statistical methods ; Toilet Facilities ; Urine</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0262425-e0262425</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Lim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.</description><subject>Bacilli</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bathroom Equipment - microbiology</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biogeography</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomineralization</subject><subject>Biomineralization - genetics</subject><subject>California - epidemiology</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Drainage systems</subject><subject>Drainage, Sanitary - methods</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental engineering</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Genera</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - 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genetics</topic><topic>Roadside rest areas</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sanitary ware</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods</topic><topic>Sewer systems</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Toilet Facilities</topic><topic>Urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lim, Kahui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rolston, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnum, Samantha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wademan, Cara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leverenz, Harold</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lim, Kahui</au><au>Rolston, Matthew</au><au>Barnum, Samantha</au><au>Wademan, Cara</au><au>Leverenz, Harold</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-01-14</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0262425</spage><epage>e0262425</epage><pages>e0262425-e0262425</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant differences between biomineral samples grouped by intrasystem sampling location and urinal type. Biomineral microbial community profiles and alpha diversities differed significantly when controlling for sampling season. Observational statistics revealed that biomineral samples obtained from waterless urinals contained the largest ureC/16S gene copy ratios and were the least diverse urinal type in terms of Shannon indices. Waterless urinal biomineral samples were largely dominated by the Bacilli class (86.1%) compared to low-flow (41.3%) and conventional samples (20.5%), and had the fewest genera that account for less than 2.5% relative abundance per OTU. Our findings are useful for future microbial ecology studies of urine source-separation technologies, as we have established a comparative basis using a large sample size and study area.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35030221</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0262425</doi><tpages>e0262425</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-4770</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacilli Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bathroom Equipment - microbiology Biofilms Biogeography Biology and Life Sciences Biomineralization Biomineralization - genetics California - epidemiology Causes of DNA, Bacterial - genetics Drainage systems Drainage, Sanitary - methods Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Environment Environmental aspects Environmental engineering Enzymes Epidemiology Genera Genes Genetic aspects High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods Humans Identification and classification Medicine and Health Sciences Microbial colonies Microbiota - genetics Microorganisms Mineralization Phylogeny Physical Sciences Polymerase chain reaction Relative abundance RNA sequencing RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Roadside rest areas rRNA 16S Sampling Sanitary ware Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods Sewer systems Statistical methods Toilet Facilities Urine |
| title | A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms |
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