Analysis of conductive olfactory dysfunction using computational fluid dynamics
Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynami...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0262579-e0262579 |
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| creator | Asama, Youji Furutani, Akiko Fujioka, Masato Ozawa, Hiroyuki Takei, Satoshi Shibata, Shigenobu Ogawa, Kaoru |
| description | Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0262579 |
| format | Article |
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COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262579</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35020767</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abnormalities ; Adenoid ; Adult ; Air flow ; Analysis ; Apnea ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Breathing ; Case-Control Studies ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Computed tomography ; Computer applications ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Experiments ; Female ; Finite volume method ; Flow velocity ; Fluid dynamics ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Mouth Breathing - diagnostic imaging ; Mouth Breathing - physiopathology ; Nasal Obstruction - diagnostic imaging ; Nasal Obstruction - physiopathology ; Nasopharynx ; Nose ; Olfaction ; Olfaction disorders ; Olfaction Disorders - diagnostic imaging ; Olfaction Disorders - pathology ; Otolaryngology ; Partial differential equations ; Patients ; Physical Sciences ; Polyps ; Respiration ; Respiratory physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sleep apnea ; Sleep disorders ; Smell disorders ; Surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-01, Vol.17 (1), p.e0262579-e0262579</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Asama et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.</description><subject>Abnormalities</subject><subject>Adenoid</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air flow</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Apnea</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breathing</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Computational fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Computer applications</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Endoscopy</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Finite volume method</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrodynamics</subject><subject>Hyperplasia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical 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of conductive olfactory dysfunction using computational fluid dynamics</title><author>Asama, Youji ; Furutani, Akiko ; Fujioka, Masato ; Ozawa, Hiroyuki ; Takei, Satoshi ; Shibata, Shigenobu ; Ogawa, Kaoru</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-93bb9ea3fdd8df795f9ac61e7243f1e2c2a1a9e5473b5d6d092a33bca3a139743</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities</topic><topic>Adenoid</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air flow</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Apnea</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breathing</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Computational fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Computer applications</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Endoscopy</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Finite volume method</topic><topic>Flow 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One</addtitle><date>2022-01-12</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0262579</spage><epage>e0262579</epage><pages>e0262579-e0262579</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Conductive olfactory dysfunction (COD) is caused by an obstruction in the nasal cavity and is characterized by changeable olfaction. COD can occur even when the olfactory cleft is anatomically normal, and therefore, the cause in these cases remains unclear. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics to examine olfactory cleft airflow with a retrospective cohort study utilizing the cone beam computed tomography scan data of COD patients. By measuring nasal-nasopharynx pressure at maximum flow, we established a cut-off value at which nasal breathing can be differentiated from combined mouth breathing in COD patients. We found that increased nasal resistance led to mouth breathing and that the velocity and flow rate in the olfactory cleft at maximum flow were significantly reduced in COD patients with nasal breathing only compared to healthy olfactory subjects. In addition, we performed a detailed analysis of common morphological abnormalities associated with concha bullosa. Our study provides novel insights into the causes of COD, and therefore, it has important implications for surgical planning of COD, sleep apnea research, assessment of adenoid hyperplasia in children, and sports respiratory physiology.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35020767</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0262579</doi><tpages>e0262579</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5025-7814</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5317-0885</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abnormalities Adenoid Adult Air flow Analysis Apnea Biology and Life Sciences Breathing Case-Control Studies Computational fluid dynamics Computed tomography Computer applications Diagnosis Endoscopy Experiments Female Finite volume method Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Humans Hydrodynamics Hyperplasia Male Medical research Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mouth Mouth Breathing - diagnostic imaging Mouth Breathing - physiopathology Nasal Obstruction - diagnostic imaging Nasal Obstruction - physiopathology Nasopharynx Nose Olfaction Olfaction disorders Olfaction Disorders - diagnostic imaging Olfaction Disorders - pathology Otolaryngology Partial differential equations Patients Physical Sciences Polyps Respiration Respiratory physiology Retrospective Studies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sleep apnea Sleep disorders Smell disorders Surgery Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| title | Analysis of conductive olfactory dysfunction using computational fluid dynamics |
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