The effect of different levels of pre-damage loading on the strength and structural behavior of CFRP strengthened R.C. beams: Experimental and analytical investigation
In order to investigate the effect of pre-loading damage on the structural performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) beams, experimental and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) investigation was carried out on six R.C. beams. Five of the R.C. beams were...
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| description | In order to investigate the effect of pre-loading damage on the structural performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) beams, experimental and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) investigation was carried out on six R.C. beams. Five of the R.C. beams were damaged up to different levels of strain in the main steel bars before Flexure CFRP strengthening. One of the R.C. beams loaded up to failure and was kept as a control beam for comparison. The experimental results showed that the failure mode of the CFRP strengthened specimen was controlled by CFRP debonding followed by concrete crushing; however, the control beam failed in concrete crushing after yielding the steel bars, which is a ductile failure. The CFRP sheet increases the strength and initial stiffness of the R.C. beams and reduces ductility and toughness. Also, CFRP application increases the first crack and yielding steel bars load by 87.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the pre-damage level does not influence the strength and ductility of the strengthened R.C. beams except for the highest damage levels, which experienced a slight decrease in load capacity and ductility. However, the initial stiffness decreases with increasing pre-damage levels by 40%. Design guideline ACI 440.2R (2004) predicts the ultimate load capacity marvelously for externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) beams compared to the experimental maximum load capacity. The excellent agreement between experimental and FEM results indicates that the constitutive models used for concrete and reinforcement and the cohesive interface model can well capture fracture behavior. However, The FEM analysis predicts the beam to be slightly stiffer and more robust, probably because of the assumed perfect bond between concrete and reinforcement. The developed FEM can be used for further parametric study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261290 |
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Five of the R.C. beams were damaged up to different levels of strain in the main steel bars before Flexure CFRP strengthening. One of the R.C. beams loaded up to failure and was kept as a control beam for comparison. The experimental results showed that the failure mode of the CFRP strengthened specimen was controlled by CFRP debonding followed by concrete crushing; however, the control beam failed in concrete crushing after yielding the steel bars, which is a ductile failure. The CFRP sheet increases the strength and initial stiffness of the R.C. beams and reduces ductility and toughness. Also, CFRP application increases the first crack and yielding steel bars load by 87.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the pre-damage level does not influence the strength and ductility of the strengthened R.C. beams except for the highest damage levels, which experienced a slight decrease in load capacity and ductility. However, the initial stiffness decreases with increasing pre-damage levels by 40%. Design guideline ACI 440.2R (2004) predicts the ultimate load capacity marvelously for externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) beams compared to the experimental maximum load capacity. The excellent agreement between experimental and FEM results indicates that the constitutive models used for concrete and reinforcement and the cohesive interface model can well capture fracture behavior. However, The FEM analysis predicts the beam to be slightly stiffer and more robust, probably because of the assumed perfect bond between concrete and reinforcement. The developed FEM can be used for further parametric study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261290</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34969044</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adhesiveness ; Bars ; Carbon Fiber - chemistry ; Carbon fiber reinforced concretes ; Carbon fiber reinforced plastics ; Carbon fibers ; Civil engineering ; Compressive Strength ; Concrete ; Constitutive models ; Construction Materials ; Crack initiation ; Crushing ; Damage ; Ductility ; Engineering schools ; Failure modes ; Fiber reinforced polymers ; Finite Element Analysis ; Finite element method ; Flexing ; Mathematical models ; Mechanical properties ; Physical Sciences ; Polymers ; Polymers - chemistry ; Properties ; Reinforced concrete ; Reinforcing steels ; Shear tests ; Steel ; Steel - chemistry ; Stiffness ; Stress, Mechanical ; Structural behavior ; Tensile Strength ; Ultimate loads</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261290-e0261290</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Hamah-Ali, Qadir. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Hamah-Ali, Qadir 2021 Hamah-Ali, Qadir</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ae064784e141107e169687449f5c682763f89209c7b293b2c3fbc04a912757a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ae064784e141107e169687449f5c682763f89209c7b293b2c3fbc04a912757a53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2573-1638</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717972/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717972/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34969044$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hamah-Ali, Brwa Hamah Saeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qadir, Mohamed Raouf Abdul</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of different levels of pre-damage loading on the strength and structural behavior of CFRP strengthened R.C. beams: Experimental and analytical investigation</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In order to investigate the effect of pre-loading damage on the structural performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) beams, experimental and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) investigation was carried out on six R.C. beams. Five of the R.C. beams were damaged up to different levels of strain in the main steel bars before Flexure CFRP strengthening. One of the R.C. beams loaded up to failure and was kept as a control beam for comparison. The experimental results showed that the failure mode of the CFRP strengthened specimen was controlled by CFRP debonding followed by concrete crushing; however, the control beam failed in concrete crushing after yielding the steel bars, which is a ductile failure. The CFRP sheet increases the strength and initial stiffness of the R.C. beams and reduces ductility and toughness. Also, CFRP application increases the first crack and yielding steel bars load by 87.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the pre-damage level does not influence the strength and ductility of the strengthened R.C. beams except for the highest damage levels, which experienced a slight decrease in load capacity and ductility. However, the initial stiffness decreases with increasing pre-damage levels by 40%. Design guideline ACI 440.2R (2004) predicts the ultimate load capacity marvelously for externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) beams compared to the experimental maximum load capacity. The excellent agreement between experimental and FEM results indicates that the constitutive models used for concrete and reinforcement and the cohesive interface model can well capture fracture behavior. However, The FEM analysis predicts the beam to be slightly stiffer and more robust, probably because of the assumed perfect bond between concrete and reinforcement. The developed FEM can be used for further parametric study.</description><subject>Adhesiveness</subject><subject>Bars</subject><subject>Carbon Fiber - chemistry</subject><subject>Carbon fiber reinforced concretes</subject><subject>Carbon fiber reinforced plastics</subject><subject>Carbon fibers</subject><subject>Civil engineering</subject><subject>Compressive Strength</subject><subject>Concrete</subject><subject>Constitutive models</subject><subject>Construction Materials</subject><subject>Crack initiation</subject><subject>Crushing</subject><subject>Damage</subject><subject>Ductility</subject><subject>Engineering schools</subject><subject>Failure modes</subject><subject>Fiber reinforced polymers</subject><subject>Finite Element Analysis</subject><subject>Finite element method</subject><subject>Flexing</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polymers - chemistry</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>Reinforced concrete</subject><subject>Reinforcing steels</subject><subject>Shear tests</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>Steel - chemistry</subject><subject>Stiffness</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Structural behavior</subject><subject>Tensile Strength</subject><subject>Ultimate loads</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9Fu0zAUhiMEYmPwBggiISG4aLEdx465QJqqDSpNGhqDW8t1jlNPadzFTrU9Ea_JCe2mFe0C5SK28_2_ff74ZNlrSqa0kPTTVRj6zrTTdehgSpigTJEn2SFVBZsIRoqnD8YH2YsYrwgpi0qI59lBwZVQhPPD7PflEnJwDmzKg8trj8MeupS3sIE2jmvrHia1WZkG8jaY2ndNHro8oS4mRJu0zE1Xj5PBpqE3bb6Apdn40I_q2enF93sQOqjzi-lsiohZxc_5yc0aer_CDVE2uhgs6TZ5i1PfbSAm35jkQ_cye-ZMG-HV7n2U_Tw9uZx9m5ydf53Pjs8mViiWJgaI4LLiQDmlRAIVSlSSc-VKKyomReEqxYiycsFUsWC2cAtLuFGUyVKasjjK3m59122Iepdx1BhvySUrhUBiviXqYK70Gk9v-lsdjNd_F0LfaNNjBS1oywBsAZWSteOuZAtbslpSVdaK0tpR9Pqy221YrKC2mAPmt2e6_6XzS92Eja4klUoyNPiwM-jD9YBx6ZWPFtrWdBCG7bkVrSipEH33D_p4dTuqMViA71zAfe1oqo9FVRV40QRHavoIhU8NK2_xQjqP63uCj3sCZBLcpMYMMer5j4v_Z89_7bPvH7BLMG1axtAO45WJ-yDfgrYPMfbg7kOmRI_9dJeGHvtJ7_oJZW8e_qB70V0DFX8ASxAb0Q</recordid><startdate>20211230</startdate><enddate>20211230</enddate><creator>Hamah-Ali, Brwa Hamah Saeed</creator><creator>Qadir, Mohamed Raouf Abdul</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-1638</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211230</creationdate><title>The effect of different levels of pre-damage loading on the strength and structural behavior of CFRP strengthened R.C. beams: Experimental and analytical investigation</title><author>Hamah-Ali, Brwa Hamah Saeed ; Qadir, Mohamed Raouf Abdul</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ae064784e141107e169687449f5c682763f89209c7b293b2c3fbc04a912757a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adhesiveness</topic><topic>Bars</topic><topic>Carbon Fiber - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hamah-Ali, Brwa Hamah Saeed</au><au>Qadir, Mohamed Raouf Abdul</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of different levels of pre-damage loading on the strength and structural behavior of CFRP strengthened R.C. beams: Experimental and analytical investigation</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-30</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0261290</spage><epage>e0261290</epage><pages>e0261290-e0261290</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In order to investigate the effect of pre-loading damage on the structural performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) beams, experimental and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) investigation was carried out on six R.C. beams. Five of the R.C. beams were damaged up to different levels of strain in the main steel bars before Flexure CFRP strengthening. One of the R.C. beams loaded up to failure and was kept as a control beam for comparison. The experimental results showed that the failure mode of the CFRP strengthened specimen was controlled by CFRP debonding followed by concrete crushing; however, the control beam failed in concrete crushing after yielding the steel bars, which is a ductile failure. The CFRP sheet increases the strength and initial stiffness of the R.C. beams and reduces ductility and toughness. Also, CFRP application increases the first crack and yielding steel bars load by 87.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the pre-damage level does not influence the strength and ductility of the strengthened R.C. beams except for the highest damage levels, which experienced a slight decrease in load capacity and ductility. However, the initial stiffness decreases with increasing pre-damage levels by 40%. Design guideline ACI 440.2R (2004) predicts the ultimate load capacity marvelously for externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) beams compared to the experimental maximum load capacity. The excellent agreement between experimental and FEM results indicates that the constitutive models used for concrete and reinforcement and the cohesive interface model can well capture fracture behavior. However, The FEM analysis predicts the beam to be slightly stiffer and more robust, probably because of the assumed perfect bond between concrete and reinforcement. The developed FEM can be used for further parametric study.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34969044</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261290</doi><tpages>e0261290</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-1638</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adhesiveness Bars Carbon Fiber - chemistry Carbon fiber reinforced concretes Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Carbon fibers Civil engineering Compressive Strength Concrete Constitutive models Construction Materials Crack initiation Crushing Damage Ductility Engineering schools Failure modes Fiber reinforced polymers Finite Element Analysis Finite element method Flexing Mathematical models Mechanical properties Physical Sciences Polymers Polymers - chemistry Properties Reinforced concrete Reinforcing steels Shear tests Steel Steel - chemistry Stiffness Stress, Mechanical Structural behavior Tensile Strength Ultimate loads |
| title | The effect of different levels of pre-damage loading on the strength and structural behavior of CFRP strengthened R.C. beams: Experimental and analytical investigation |
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