Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was condu...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0258348-e0258348
Hauptverfasser: Huy, Nguyen Tien, Chico, R Matthew, Huan, Vuong Thanh, Shaikhkhalil, Hosam Waleed, Uyen, Vuong Ngoc Thao, Qarawi, Ahmad Taysir Atieh, Alhady, Shamael Thabit Mohammed, Vuong, Nguyen Lam, Truong, Le Van, Luu, Mai Ngoc, Dumre, Shyam Prakash, Imoto, Atsuko, Lee, Peter N, Tam, Dao Ngoc Hien, Ng, Sze Jia, Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul, Matsui, Mitsuaki, Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh, Karimzadeh, Sedighe, Koonrungsesomboon, Nut, Smith, Chris, Cox, Sharon, Moji, Kazuhiko, Hirayama, Kenji, Linh, Le Khac, Abbas, Kirellos Said, Dung, Tran Nu Thuy, Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, Tareq, Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare, Duy, Nguyen The, Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah, Huynh, Trang, Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh, Khue, Bui Diem, Gad, Abdelrahman, Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed, Kubota, Kazumi, Nguyen, Hoang-Minh, Pavlenko, Dmytro, Trang, Vu Thi Thu, Vu, Le Thuong, Hai Yen, Tran, Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi, Trang, Luong Thi, Dong, Vinh, Sharma, Akash, Dat, Vu Quoc, Soliman, Mohammed, Abdul Aziz, Jeza, Shah, Jaffer, Hung, Pham Dinh Long, Jee, Yap Siang, Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha, Quynh, Tran Thuy Huong, Giang, Hoang Thi Nam, Huynh, Vy Thi Nhat, Thi, Nguyen Anh, Dhouibi, Nacir, Phan, Truc, Duru, Vincent, Nam, Nguyen Hai, Ghozy, Sherief
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container_title PloS one
container_volume 16
creator Huy, Nguyen Tien
Chico, R Matthew
Huan, Vuong Thanh
Shaikhkhalil, Hosam Waleed
Uyen, Vuong Ngoc Thao
Qarawi, Ahmad Taysir Atieh
Alhady, Shamael Thabit Mohammed
Vuong, Nguyen Lam
Truong, Le Van
Luu, Mai Ngoc
Dumre, Shyam Prakash
Imoto, Atsuko
Lee, Peter N
Tam, Dao Ngoc Hien
Ng, Sze Jia
Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul
Matsui, Mitsuaki
Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh
Karimzadeh, Sedighe
Koonrungsesomboon, Nut
Smith, Chris
Cox, Sharon
Moji, Kazuhiko
Hirayama, Kenji
Linh, Le Khac
Abbas, Kirellos Said
Dung, Tran Nu Thuy
Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, Tareq
Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare
Duy, Nguyen The
Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah
Huynh, Trang
Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh
Khue, Bui Diem
Gad, Abdelrahman
Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed
Kubota, Kazumi
Nguyen, Hoang-Minh
Pavlenko, Dmytro
Trang, Vu Thi Thu
Vu, Le Thuong
Hai Yen, Tran
Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi
Trang, Luong Thi
Dong, Vinh
Sharma, Akash
Dat, Vu Quoc
Soliman, Mohammed
Abdul Aziz, Jeza
Shah, Jaffer
Hung, Pham Dinh Long
Jee, Yap Siang
Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha
Quynh, Tran Thuy Huong
Giang, Hoang Thi Nam
Huynh, Vy Thi Nhat
Thi, Nguyen Anh
Dhouibi, Nacir
Phan, Truc
Duru, Vincent
Nam, Nguyen Hai
Ghozy, Sherief
description Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0258348
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This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p&lt;0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p&lt;0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p&lt;0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258348</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34936646</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Collaboration ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data mining ; Disease transmission ; Education, Medical, Continuing - statistics & numerical data ; Engineering and Technology ; Female ; Gender ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Male ; Medical personnel ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Multivariate analysis ; Nurses ; Outbreaks ; Pandemics ; Patients ; People and Places ; Personnel, Hospital - statistics & numerical data ; Pharmacy ; Physicians ; Polls & surveys ; R&D ; Research & development ; Services ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Training ; Tropical diseases ; Viral diseases]]></subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0258348-e0258348</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Huy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p&lt;0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p&lt;0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p&lt;0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Collaboration</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data mining</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Education, Medical, Continuing - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Personnel, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Polls &amp; surveys</subject><subject>R&amp;D</subject><subject>Research &amp; development</subject><subject>Services</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Viral 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Tareq</creator><creator>Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare</creator><creator>Duy, Nguyen The</creator><creator>Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah</creator><creator>Huynh, Trang</creator><creator>Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh</creator><creator>Khue, Bui Diem</creator><creator>Gad, Abdelrahman</creator><creator>Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed</creator><creator>Kubota, Kazumi</creator><creator>Nguyen, Hoang-Minh</creator><creator>Pavlenko, Dmytro</creator><creator>Trang, Vu Thi Thu</creator><creator>Vu, Le Thuong</creator><creator>Hai Yen, Tran</creator><creator>Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi</creator><creator>Trang, Luong Thi</creator><creator>Dong, Vinh</creator><creator>Sharma, Akash</creator><creator>Dat, Vu Quoc</creator><creator>Soliman, Mohammed</creator><creator>Abdul Aziz, Jeza</creator><creator>Shah, Jaffer</creator><creator>Hung, Pham Dinh Long</creator><creator>Jee, Yap Siang</creator><creator>Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha</creator><creator>Quynh, Tran Thuy Huong</creator><creator>Giang, Hoang Thi Nam</creator><creator>Huynh, 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and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries</title><author>Huy, Nguyen Tien ; Chico, R Matthew ; Huan, Vuong Thanh ; Shaikhkhalil, Hosam Waleed ; Uyen, Vuong Ngoc Thao ; Qarawi, Ahmad Taysir Atieh ; Alhady, Shamael Thabit Mohammed ; Vuong, Nguyen Lam ; Truong, Le Van ; Luu, Mai Ngoc ; Dumre, Shyam Prakash ; Imoto, Atsuko ; Lee, Peter N ; Tam, Dao Ngoc Hien ; Ng, Sze Jia ; Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul ; Matsui, Mitsuaki ; Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh ; Karimzadeh, Sedighe ; Koonrungsesomboon, Nut ; Smith, Chris ; Cox, Sharon ; Moji, Kazuhiko ; Hirayama, Kenji ; Linh, Le Khac ; Abbas, Kirellos Said ; Dung, Tran Nu Thuy ; Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, Tareq ; Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare ; Duy, Nguyen The ; Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah ; Huynh, Trang ; Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh ; Khue, Bui Diem ; Gad, Abdelrahman ; Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed ; Kubota, Kazumi ; Nguyen, Hoang-Minh ; Pavlenko, Dmytro ; Trang, Vu Thi Thu ; Vu, Le Thuong ; Hai Yen, Tran ; Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi ; Trang, Luong Thi ; Dong, Vinh ; Sharma, Akash ; Dat, Vu Quoc ; Soliman, Mohammed ; Abdul Aziz, Jeza ; Shah, Jaffer ; Hung, Pham Dinh Long ; Jee, Yap Siang ; Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha ; Quynh, Tran Thuy Huong ; Giang, Hoang Thi Nam ; Huynh, Vy Thi Nhat ; Thi, Nguyen Anh ; Dhouibi, Nacir ; Phan, Truc ; Duru, Vincent ; Nam, Nguyen Hai ; Ghozy, Sherief</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c695t-8c115589ebf88b388412636df04dce168fc6ae681b6306be960ee70a181bd81b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Collaboration</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Data mining</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Education, Medical, Continuing - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Nurses</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Personnel, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Pharmacy</topic><topic>Physicians</topic><topic>Polls &amp; surveys</topic><topic>R&amp;D</topic><topic>Research &amp; development</topic><topic>Services</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Training</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huy, Nguyen Tien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chico, R Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huan, Vuong Thanh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaikhkhalil, Hosam Waleed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uyen, Vuong Ngoc Thao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qarawi, Ahmad Taysir Atieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alhady, Shamael Thabit Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuong, Nguyen Lam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truong, Le Van</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luu, Mai Ngoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumre, Shyam Prakash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imoto, Atsuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Peter N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tam, Dao Ngoc Hien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Sze Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsui, Mitsuaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karimzadeh, Sedighe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koonrungsesomboon, Nut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cox, Sharon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moji, Kazuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirayama, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linh, Le Khac</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Kirellos Said</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dung, Tran Nu Thuy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, Tareq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duy, Nguyen The</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huynh, Trang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khue, Bui Diem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gad, Abdelrahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubota, Kazumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Hoang-Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavlenko, Dmytro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trang, Vu Thi Thu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vu, Le Thuong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hai Yen, Tran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trang, Luong Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Vinh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dat, Vu Quoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soliman, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Aziz, Jeza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Jaffer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Pham Dinh Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jee, Yap Siang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quynh, Tran Thuy 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Ngoc</au><au>Dumre, Shyam Prakash</au><au>Imoto, Atsuko</au><au>Lee, Peter N</au><au>Tam, Dao Ngoc Hien</au><au>Ng, Sze Jia</au><au>Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul</au><au>Matsui, Mitsuaki</au><au>Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh</au><au>Karimzadeh, Sedighe</au><au>Koonrungsesomboon, Nut</au><au>Smith, Chris</au><au>Cox, Sharon</au><au>Moji, Kazuhiko</au><au>Hirayama, Kenji</au><au>Linh, Le Khac</au><au>Abbas, Kirellos Said</au><au>Dung, Tran Nu Thuy</au><au>Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, Tareq</au><au>Balogun, Emmanuel Oluwadare</au><au>Duy, Nguyen The</au><au>Mohamed Eltaras, Mennatullah</au><au>Huynh, Trang</au><au>Hue, Nguyen Thi Linh</au><au>Khue, Bui Diem</au><au>Gad, Abdelrahman</au><au>Tawfik, Gehad Mohamed</au><au>Kubota, Kazumi</au><au>Nguyen, Hoang-Minh</au><au>Pavlenko, Dmytro</au><au>Trang, Vu Thi Thu</au><au>Vu, Le Thuong</au><au>Hai Yen, Tran</au><au>Yen-Xuan, Nguyen Thi</au><au>Trang, Luong Thi</au><au>Dong, Vinh</au><au>Sharma, Akash</au><au>Dat, Vu Quoc</au><au>Soliman, Mohammed</au><au>Abdul Aziz, Jeza</au><au>Shah, Jaffer</au><au>Hung, Pham Dinh Long</au><au>Jee, Yap Siang</au><au>Phuong, Dang Thuy Ha</au><au>Quynh, Tran Thuy Huong</au><au>Giang, Hoang Thi Nam</au><au>Huynh, Vy Thi Nhat</au><au>Thi, Nguyen Anh</au><au>Dhouibi, Nacir</au><au>Phan, Truc</au><au>Duru, Vincent</au><au>Nam, Nguyen Hai</au><au>Ghozy, Sherief</au><aucorp>TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative</aucorp><aucorp>contributors of the TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0258348</spage><epage>e0258348</epage><pages>e0258348-e0258348</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p&lt;0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p&lt;0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p&lt;0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34936646</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0258348</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-4946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-9889</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-9559</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-0296</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-8049</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-2108</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-3041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0339-9339</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-7100</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-5471</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-495X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-1266</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-7539</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-9440</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-913X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-4404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-140X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3517</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-3886</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-2936</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-7363</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-6959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-3300</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-5970</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-3023</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-5938</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adult
Biology and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Collaboration
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data mining
Disease transmission
Education, Medical, Continuing - statistics & numerical data
Engineering and Technology
Female
Gender
Health aspects
Health care
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Hospitals
Humans
Hygiene
Male
Medical personnel
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Multivariate analysis
Nurses
Outbreaks
Pandemics
Patients
People and Places
Personnel, Hospital - statistics & numerical data
Pharmacy
Physicians
Polls & surveys
R&D
Research & development
Services
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Socioeconomic Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Training
Tropical diseases
Viral diseases
title Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries
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